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ALFS > Sheep Husbandry (S 1-3) > Flashcards

Sheep Husbandry (S 1-3) Flashcards

1
Q

what country has the highest national flock of sheep and is a major importer of sheep meat and wool

A

China

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2
Q

these sheep breeds are selected for their hardiness and ability to survive in very high and rough hill ground with minimum input from man

A

mountain/hill breeds (Scottish Blackface, Swaledale, Cheviot, Welsh Mountain, Kerry Hill)

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3
Q

Halfbred sheep are usually crossed with a terminal sire to produce this

A

fat lambs

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4
Q

these sheep breeds are large framed sheep with long wool staple, usually crossed onto draft ewes to produce halfbreds/mules

A

longwools (Border Leicester, Blue-faced Leicester, Teeswater)

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5
Q

this type of sheep flock has extensive grazing, Low input/low output (LILO), usually only tups brought in, late lambing

A

hill flocks

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6
Q

this type of sheep flock has variable degrees of intensity, may be LILO or HIHO, often large numbers of replacements purchased, may lamb early or late

A

upland/lowground flocks

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7
Q

this type of sheep flock is often intensive, usually high input/high output (HIHO), usually only tups bought in, often early lambing

A

pedigree long wool/terminal sire flocks

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8
Q

what is the major event in Spring for sheep management

A

lambing

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9
Q

what is the major event in early summer for sheep management

A

shearing

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10
Q

what is the major event in summer for sheep management

A

weaning

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11
Q

what is the major event in autumn for sheep management

A

tupping

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12
Q

what is the major event in Winter for sheep management

A

scanning to diagnose pregnancy

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13
Q

what is the major event in late summer/early autumn for sheep management

A

sale of tups, store lambs and replacement breeding females

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14
Q

gestation period of sheep

A

147 days

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15
Q

what day of gestation can sheep be scanned

A

60-90 days

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16
Q

what age are lambs weaned

A

12-16 weeks

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17
Q

what age is the target for slaughter of fat lambs

A

4 months

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18
Q

what age is the slaughter of store lambs

A

9 months

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19
Q

what age is the slaughter of long-keep store lambs

A

12 months

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20
Q

how long is the oestrus cycle if ewes

A

17 days

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21
Q

how long are the tups usually kept with the ewes

A

2 cycles (34 days)

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22
Q

what is ordinarily the correct tup:ewe ratio for good fertility

A

1:50

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23
Q

what is the correct tup:ewe ratio for good fertility in single-sire groups or using tup lambs

A

1:20

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24
Q

what is the correct tup:ewe ratio for good fertility if ewes are synchronised

A

1:10

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25
Q

what is the scanning percentage for sheep

A

of foetuses seen at scanning / # of ewes put to the tup

26
Q

5 advantages of indoor lambing

A
  1. sheep/shepherd protected from inclement weather
  2. less chance of lamb death by hypothermia
  3. closer supervision
  4. enables early lambing
  5. allows pasture growth / recovery
27
Q

3 disadvantages of indoor lambing

A
  1. high labor requirement
  2. increased infectious disease risk
  3. must provide feed, bedding, water
28
Q

4 advantages of outdoor lambing

A
  1. lower labor requirement
  2. less infectious disease risk
  3. lower capital expenditure
  4. lower fixed costs
29
Q

4 disadvantages of outdoor lambing

A
  1. increased losses from starvation/hypothermia
  2. increased losses from dystocia
  3. limited to later lambing flocks
  4. must have sufficient pasture available
30
Q

flock disease management is often concerned with controlling these 2 risks

A

flystrike and parasitic gastroenteritis

31
Q

the principle purpose of the UK sheep industry is this

A

production of fat lambs

32
Q

primary output in which productivity of the sheep industry is judged is this

A

of lambs sold fat per ewe

33
Q

this is when the price is determined by the weight of the dressed carcass

A

deadweight

34
Q

this is when the price is per kg of living lamb

A

liveweight

35
Q

fat lambs are usually sold around this weight

A

45 kg

36
Q

carcase conformation of lambs is scored on this scale )from excellent to poor)

A

E, U, R, O, P

37
Q

carcase fatness of lambs is scored on this scale (from very little fat to obese)

A

1-5

38
Q

producers are paid a premium for lamb carcases with these conformations and fat classes

A

E, U, & R and 1, 2, & 3L

39
Q

peak lamb prices are in this month

A

April (Easter consumption and few lambs around since majority is spring-born)

40
Q

lamb prices are the lowest at this time of the year

A

early autumn (supply is high)

41
Q

since 2005, sheep farmers receive this as subsidy support

A

single farm payment

42
Q

before 2005, sheep farmers were paid these two subsidies and the UK sheep industry relied heavily on government support

A

ewe premium and variable premium

43
Q

sheep and goats must be electronically tagged within this long after birth if housed overnight

A

6 months

44
Q

sheep and goats must be electronically tagged within this long after birth if not housed overnight

A

9 months

45
Q

2 ear tags each with the same unique individual ID number (one electronic) are required for sheep if they will be kept longer than this

A

12 months

46
Q

this is the most important disease of growing lambs

A

parasitic gastroenteritis

47
Q

most common trace element deficiencies in lambs leading to poor growth rates

A

cobalt and selenium

48
Q

what type of breeders are sheep (what type of oestrus cycle)?

A

seasonal polyoestrus

49
Q

sheep are termed this type of breeder with peak fertility in late autumn for most, because the return to cyclicity is triggered by increasing release of melatonin by the pineal gland in response to increasing hours of darkness

A

“short-day breeders”

50
Q

these sheep breeds tend to have the shortest breeding season

A

hill breeds

51
Q

these sheep breeds have longer breeding seasons

A

lowland breeds

52
Q

this sheep breed may breed all year round

A

Dorset Horn

53
Q

4 ways to advance the breeding season of sheep

A
  1. artificially alter the photoperiod
  2. Melatonin Implants
  3. Insertion of progesterone sponges / injection of eCG
  4. use of vasectomised ram ‘a teaser’
54
Q

why is artificial insemination not common in sheep farming

A

ovine cervix is convoluted and thus must be inseminated surgically/laparoscopically (requires synchronisation, anaesthesia and vet involvement)

55
Q

this is when ewes are placed on an improved plane of nutrition (better quality pasture), often prior to the beginning of the tupping period to increase fecundity of the ewes

A

flushing

56
Q

ewes in what body condition will respond to flushing

A

suboptimal only (optimal will not respond)

57
Q

this is the accepted standard percent of lamb losses from scanning to sale for lowland, upland, and hill flocks

A

14%

58
Q

the nutritional demands (energy, protein) increase dramatically in this part of pregnancy

A

last third of pregnancy

59
Q

3 most common causes of abortion in sheep in the UK

A
  1. Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (by Chlamydophila abortus)
  2. Toxoplasma gondii infection
  3. Campylobacter infection
60
Q

what are the 3 major causes of perinatal lamb mortality

A
  1. dystocia
  2. hypothermia
  3. starvation
61
Q

this is the single biggest impact on the health and welfare of ewes and their lambs

A

availability of skilled shepherds

62
Q

castration and tail docking on sheep with rubber band must be performed before this age if anaesthetic is not used

A

1 week

ALFS (13 decks)

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