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ALFS > Dog & Cat Nutrition > Flashcards

Dog & Cat Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 basic classes of nutrients?

A
  1. water
  2. carbohydrates
  3. proteins
  4. fats
  5. minerals
  6. vitamins
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2
Q

this will provide twice the energy of proteins or carbs

A

fat

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3
Q

this is the energy needed for a healthy, unfed animal in a resting state in a thermo-neutral environment

A

basal energy requirement (BER)

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4
Q

this is the total energy required for digestion of food in addition to resting in a thermo-neutral environment

A

resting energy requirement (RER)

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5
Q

this is the energy required for an animal with a moderately active home life

A

maintenance energy requirement (MER)

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6
Q

this is the energy required to support the animal’s lifestyle (may be the same as MER but working, pregnant, lactating or growing animals will have increased requirements)

A

daily energy requirement (DER)

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7
Q

what is the equation for RER (kCals) for patients 2-30 kg?

A

RER = (BW x 30) + 70

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8
Q

what is the equation for RER (kCals) for patients <2kg or >30kg?

A

RER = 70 x BW^0.75

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9
Q

MER is usually considered to be this times RER for dogs

A

1.2-1.6 x RER

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10
Q

MER is usually considered to be this times RER for cats

A

1.2-1.4 x RER

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11
Q

these are amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in adequate amounts for maintenance but if there is increased demand the amount that can be synthesized may become inadequate

A

conditional AA

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12
Q

fats and oils are together known as this; they provide energy and also act as carriers for the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E & K)

A

lipids

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13
Q

minerals represented as this content on a food label and comprise the inorganic elements of the diet

A

ash

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14
Q

this is often considered to be of low nutritional value as it comprises complex carbs that are resistant to digestion in the small intestine

A

fibre

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15
Q

feeding behaviour in cats is often influenced by experiences in this many months of life

A

first 1-6 months

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16
Q

these can occur if a novel food is introduced under unpleasant circumstances or is associated with a bad experience

A

aversions

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17
Q

what 4 amino acids are required at a higher level for cats than for dogs

A
  1. methionine & cysteine
  2. arginine
  3. carnitine
  4. taurine
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18
Q

what is the dietary requirement of carbohydrates for cats

A

NO requirement

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19
Q

cats typically gain this percent bodyweight during pregnancy by the time of parturition

A

40%

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20
Q

daily energy requirements of cats increase from this at mating to this at parturition

A

1.6 x RER to 2 x RER

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21
Q

kittens will typically gain about this much weight per day

A

10-15 g

22
Q

why might senior cats have increased nutritional and energy requirements (contrary to the dog)

A

impaired digestion

23
Q

obesity is classed as being more than this percent over optimal bodyweight

A

> 20%

24
Q

this population group of cats is at increased risk for diabetes mellitus and is the most likely to be obese

A

neutered males in middle age (7-11 years)

25
Q

you should lose no more than this percent of weight per weeks

A

1-2%

26
Q

what are the 3 broad ways to describe the types of pet food available

A

moisture content
complete v. complimentary
commercial v. home-cooked

27
Q

wet pet food diets contain this percent of moisture

A

75-85%

28
Q

what are some advantages (2) and disadvantages (3) of wet pet diets

A

adv: pasteurized so lower risk of food poisoning bacteria & high palatability
disadv: higher cost & weight/space to store & bulky packaging to dispose

28
Q

what are some advantages (2) and disadvantages (3) of wet pet diets

A

adv: pasteurized so lower risk of food poisoning bacteria & high palatability
disadv: higher cost & weight/space to store & bulky packaging to dispose

29
Q

semi-moist pet food diets contain this percent of water

A

25-40%

30
Q

dry pet food diets contain this percent of water

A

less than 10%

31
Q

what are some advantages (3) and disadvantages (2) of dry pet diets

A

adv: easier to store & cheaper & can be fed ad-lib
disadv: more carbs so easier to become obese & concentrated urine/bladder problems occur if animal does not drink properly

32
Q

this type of diet has no necessity to add other ingredients, and doing so may render them unbalanced

A

complete

33
Q

these diets are designed to be fed alongside another component

A

complimentary

34
Q

these diets are required to meet nutritional guidelines and therefore should be balanced

A

commercial diets

35
Q

these diets have an appeal to those who wish much more control over the ingredients and seek an ‘additive/preservtive-free’ diet

A

home-cooked

36
Q

moisture only has to be listed on pet food labels if it comprises more than this percent

A

> 14%

37
Q

to compare diets, the percentage of each ingredient must be assessed on the basis of the percentage contribution to this

A

dry matter

38
Q

this term is used to describe feeding adult animals that are neither pregnant, lactating, engaged in hard work nor growing

A

maintenance

39
Q

a factor of this is typically used to multiply the calculated RER to obtain MER

A

1.6 (1.2-1.4 may be more appropriate)

40
Q

a quick approximation of MER can be obtained by assuming this

A

50-70 kCal per kg BW

41
Q

what is the protein requirement of dry matter for adult dogs

A

15-30%

42
Q

high protein levels may result in increased levels of this which can cause progression of kidney disease

A

phosphorous

43
Q

obese prone dogs will benefit from diets with reduced energy density, which is typically obtained by changing these two percentages

A

reduce fat content to 7-10% and increase fibre to 10%

44
Q

why is it important for overweight dogs to lose weight prior to mating? obesity can result in.. (4)

A
  1. decreased ovulation rate
  2. silent oestrus
  3. prolonged inter-oestrus intervals
  4. anoestrus
45
Q

under-feeding during pregnancy will result in these 4 problems

A
  1. small litter sizes
  2. increased still births/embryonic loss
  3. decreased birth weight
  4. decreased immunity in the puppies
46
Q

what is the formula for estimating MER in a lactating bitch

A

MER = 2.1 x RER + 25% per puppy

47
Q

fat levels should be increased to this for lactating bitches to ensure adequate fat levels in the milk

A

> 20%

48
Q

puppies will typically gain average of this percent BW per day for the first 4 weeks of life

A

5%

49
Q

from weaning to 50% of adult BW, this is the MER equation that should be used for puppies

A

3 x RER

50
Q

at 50-80% of adult BW, this is the MER equation that should used for puppies

A

2.5 x RER

51
Q

when greater than 80% of adult BW, this is the MER equation that should be used for puppies

A

1.8-2 x RER

ALFS (13 decks)

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