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ALFS > Horse Husbandry (H 1-6) > Flashcards

Horse Husbandry (H 1-6) Flashcards

1
Q

Is there structured hierarchy within a herd of horses?

A

NO

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2
Q

These are the 2 most common working equids as they are less affected by drought

A

donkeys and mules

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3
Q

this horse sport combines the disciplines of dressage, show jumping, and jumping fencing

A

eventing

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4
Q

this breed of horse is often used for endurance riding

A

Arab breed

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5
Q

this is a team event where the objective is to score goals against the opposing team using a large mallot to strike the ball while riding a horse

A

Polo

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6
Q

this describes an animals behaviors under natural conditions

A

ethology

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7
Q

these behaviors can develop in a horse as a way to cope with stress, they are highly repetitive in nature and lack apparent purpose; (ex: windcuking, cribbing, weaving, box-walking, abnormal tongue behaviors)

A

abnormal repetitive behaviors (ABRs) / stereotypical behaviors

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8
Q

where are the 2 blind spots of a horse?

A

directly behind the horse & to front of forehead

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9
Q

horses may be deficient in seeing these two colors, but able to perceive this color

A

red/green, blue

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10
Q

Do horses have a greater or lesser range of hearing than humans?

A

greater

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11
Q

horses prefer these tastes

A

sweet

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12
Q

horses avoid these tastes (can be found in some poisonous plants)

A

bitter

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13
Q

this can be used as a form of positive reinforcement when training horses as there are many touch receptor found in the horse’s skin

A

wither scratching

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14
Q

horses spend the majority of their time on this behavior

A

foraging

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15
Q

this is one axis used to measure emotional state of an animal and refers to whether the animal is feeling happy or sad (affective state)

A

valence

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16
Q

this is one axis used to measure emotional state of an animal and measures the level of alertness and the intensity of the emotion

A

arousal

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17
Q

Horses have relatively strong or poor short term memory?

A

poor

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18
Q

horses have strong or poor long term memory?

A

strong, excellent

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19
Q

this type of learning in horses is when they learn to either become increasingly reactive to a stimulus (sensitisation) or increasingly unreactive to a stimulus (habituation)

A

non-associative learning

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20
Q

this type of learning in horses describes the processes through which horses make associations between stimulus and outcomes (can be further divided into classical and operant conditioning)

A

associative learning

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21
Q

this type of conditioning is making associations between two previously unrelated cues; increases predictability of environment for the horse

A

Classical conditioning

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22
Q

this type of conditioning is making associations between a stimulus and a response; increases controllability for the horse

A

operant conditioning

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23
Q

this is the addition of something pleasant after the desired behavior; makes horse more likely to repeat the behavior in the future

A

positive reinforcement

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24
Q

this is the removal of an aversive stimulus after a desired behavior

A

Negative reinforcement

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25
Q

this is the application of an aversive stimulus after an unwanted behavior has occurred; makes the behavior less likely to be repeated in the future

A

positive punishment

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26
Q

the removal of a pleasant stimulus after an unwanted behavior has occurred

A

negative punishment

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27
Q

horses are trained to lead using this type of operant conditioning (pressure is released as soon as the horse offers the desired response)

A

negative reinforcement

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28
Q

horses should see an equine dentist this many times per year

A

1-2 times per year

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29
Q

horses should receive a visit from the farrier this often

A

every 6-8 weeks

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30
Q

water supply should be checked this often with ‘grass kept’ horses

A

twice daily (more in hot weather)

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31
Q

the idea behind this system is to keep domestic horses in similar way to wild counterparts by triggering natural forward movement together

A

track system

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32
Q

this system for keeping horses is a sustainable land management system where the horse is part of the ecosystem & promotes herd living ; consists of a surfaced area with gates/tracks leading to each field

A

equicentral system

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33
Q

this is a yellow flower that is poisonous to horses; eventually leads to liver failure, lethargy, photosensitization, weight loss, etc

A

Ragwort

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34
Q

this is an evergreen tree that is poisonous to horses; contains toxic alkaloids which cause acute cardiac arrest

A

Yew tree

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35
Q

this is a tree that contains tannins that can be highly toxic to horses; can cause severe GIT and kidney damage

A

oak tree

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36
Q

this is a tree that can cause atypical myopathy in horses; seeds contain hypoglycin A, affects horses ability to stand and muscles for breathing

A

sycamore tree

37
Q

what is the average weight of a full grown Shetland pony?

A

200-350 kg

38
Q

what is the average weight of a full grown Draft (Shire/Clydesdale) horse?

A

850-1100 kg

39
Q

this is the most accurate method of weighing a horse

A

calibrated weigh bridge

40
Q

this should form the basis of all rations since it is the most logical and economical approach for feeding horses

A

forages

41
Q

this is the principle forage in the UK for horses, but is typically poor quality

A

grass hay

42
Q

these are used as a supplement to forage to meet high energy requirements of many competition horses, but often overshadows forage contribution

A

cereal grains

43
Q

this is often present in large amounts in cereal grains & can elicit onset of gastric ulceration, hind-gut acidosis, laminitis, and colic

A

starch

44
Q

maintenance protein requirements are measured in this; it is calculated using body weight

A

Crude Protein (CP)

45
Q

what is the gestation period for horses?

A

11 months

46
Q

during late pregnancy, the intake can be reduced to 1.5% bodyweight but this requirement increases

A

nutrient requirement

47
Q

the foal is naturally weaned at this age, but more often in commercial breeding at this age

A

12 months, 4-6 months

48
Q

this type of work is described as hacking or general leisure riding or the beginnings of a training program

A

light work

49
Q

this type of work may be described as a novice or intermediate eventing horse or a grade A show jumper or a medium level dressage horse

A

moderate work

50
Q

this type of work might include horses doing 3 day eventing or an endurance horse fit enough for 70-100 mile rides

A

heavy work

51
Q

racehorses are classified as doing this kind of work

A

very heavy work

52
Q

this is the minimum requirement of dry matter forage according for horses per 100kg bodyweight

A

1 kg forage per 100 kg body weight

53
Q

this is the recommended forage to concentrate ratio for a light work horse

A

100:0 to 80:20

54
Q

this is the recommended forage to concentrate ratio for a moderate work horse

A

70:30 to 60:40

55
Q

this is the recommended forage to concentrate ratio for a heavy work horse

A

50:50

56
Q

what does soaking hay accomplish?

A

removing nutrients

57
Q

what are the 3 most common cereal grains fed to horses?

A

oats, barley, and maize

58
Q

cereals grains are grown for their seeds and 40-80% of the dry matter is this

A

starch (high carbohydrates)

59
Q

do cereal grains have high or low quality protein?

A

low quality protein

60
Q

this is the most common root by-product fed to horses; the residue after extraction of sucrose; high fiber digestibility

A

sugar-beet pulp

61
Q

What information does a horse Passport contain? (5)

A

record ownership, microchip number/sketch, record breeding, record vaccinations, record medications

62
Q

under what height must an equid be to be considered a pony?

A

14.2 hands

63
Q

above what height is the animal considered a horse?

A

14.2 hands

64
Q

this color horse will have a black tail and mane and tan/brown body (and black lower legs)

A

Bay

65
Q

this color of horse will have the whole coat brown and no defined color line between body coat color and leg color

A

brown

66
Q

this color of horse will have a reddish/yellow brown coat color; mane and tail is usually the same color

A

chestnut

67
Q

this color horse will have mosaic black and white hairs and black skin (around muzzle and eye)

A

grey

68
Q

this color horse will have a coat color like a gold coin with white/flaxen mane and tail

A

palomino

69
Q

this color horse will have black skin and may have a black line down back, may have bars on legs, mane and tail are black

A

dun

70
Q

this type of painted coat of a horse has large, irregular patches of white and any other color (not only black and white)

A

skewbald

71
Q

this type of painted coat of a horse has large irregular patches of black and white (no other colors)

A

piebald

72
Q

this color horse has unpigmented skin, minimal pigment in iris (pink/blue appearance)

A

cream

72
Q

this color horse has unpigmented skin, minimal pigment in iris (pink/blue appearance)

A

cream

73
Q

on a horse passport, use this color pen to note white markings

A

red pen

74
Q

on a hore passport, use this color pen for everything (including narrative) except white markings

A

black pen

75
Q

these markings on a horse are formed by changes of direction of hair flow, indicated by a small St. Andrews cross x

A

whorls

76
Q

this type of whorl on a horse is when two opposing sweeps of hair meet along a line

A

linear

77
Q

this type of whorl on a horse is when hair from different directions rise to a crest

A

crested

78
Q

this type of whorl on a horse is when hairs diverge along a line to form a feathered pattern

A

feathered

79
Q

this type of whorl on a horse is when two opposing sweeps of hair diverge along an irregular curving line

A

sinuous

80
Q

this word refers to a white mark on the forehead of the horse

A

star

81
Q

this word refers to a narrow white marking down the bridge of a horse nose

A

stripe

82
Q

this word refers to a white patch covering almost the whole forehead between the eyes of a horse and extending beyond the width of the bridge of the nose

A

blaze

83
Q

this word refers to an isolated white marking situated near the nostrils of a horse

A

snip

84
Q

this category of horse breeds include Shire/Clydesdale; roman nose, deep jaw, large kind eye, wide muzzle

A

draft breeds

85
Q

this category of horse breeds have broad head and small neat ears - jaw not as broad as in the draft horses

A

cob type

86
Q

this category of horse breeds have long fine pointed ears (sometimes almost touching at the top), dished nose, small muzzle, fine jaw

A

Arab

87
Q

what is the equation for horse body weight (kg) using heart girth (cm) and length (cm)?

A

(girth x length) / 11877

ALFS (13 decks)

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