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ALFS > Pig Husbandry (P 1-4) > Flashcards

Pig Husbandry (P 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

this is the world’s most consumed meat from terrestrial animals

A

pork

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2
Q

in 2018-2019, half the world’s population of pigs died from this disease

A

African Swine Fever

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3
Q

40% of the UK breeding herd for pork is managed under this type of production which is unusual/rare globally in commercial production

A

outdoor

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4
Q

farm size for pigs is characterised by this number

A

number of breeding females

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5
Q

a porker is approximately this many kg dead weight

A

30-54 kg

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6
Q

a baconer is approximately this many kg dead weight

A

65-80 kg

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7
Q

the oestrus cycle in pigs is this many days

A

21 days

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8
Q

oestrus commonly lasts this long in pigs

A

60 hours (2.5 days)

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9
Q

ovulation occurs on the second day of oestrus n pigs and this many eggs can be produced each cycle

A

12-24 eggs each cycle

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10
Q

gestation in pigs is approximately this long

A

115-117 days (3 months, 3 weeks, & 3 days)

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11
Q

sows will typically have this many litters per year

A

2.4

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12
Q

detecting first oestrus in gilts is between these days

A

160-210 days

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13
Q

young boars that are adequate in size and have strong legs can be used for natural service starting at this age

A

7-8 months

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14
Q

at what day of gestation is pregnancy testing done in pigs

A

day 30

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15
Q

most pig units service the sows naturally or with AI?

A

AI

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16
Q

typical commercial sows give birth to this many live-born piglets per litter

A

12-14

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17
Q

piglets weigh approximately this much at birth

A

1-1.5 kg

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18
Q

typical live-born piglet mortality ranges from this percent per litter

A

10-12%

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19
Q

piglets are weaned at approximately this age

A

4 weeks

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20
Q

piglets should weigh this much at 4 weeks/weaning age

A

7-8 kg

21
Q

this is the legal minimum weaning age in the UK and EU for piglets

A

28 days

22
Q

although under the legal minimum, piglets can be weaned at this age if the health of the sow or litter are in doubt

A

21 days

23
Q

organic systems require piglets to be weaned at this age

A

6-8 weeks

24
Q

with average genetics, pigs can reach a maximum growth rate of this many grams per day at 78 kg body weight

A

970 g / day

25
Q

most pigs are sent for slaughter at ‘bacon weight’ of this many kg

A

100-110 kg

26
Q

farms marketing pigs through Farm Assurance Schemes are required to have a farm health plan receive a veterinary visit this often

A

every quarter (4 times per year)

27
Q

name the 5 freedoms developed by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council

A
  1. freedom from hunger and thirst
  2. from discomfort
  3. from pain, injury or disease
  4. to express normal behaviour
  5. from fear and distress
28
Q

these are single-housing close confinement systems that only allow the pregnant sows to stand up and lie down. they cannot turn around

A

gestation stalls

29
Q

what is the argument for using gestation stalls

A

prevent aggression between sows when mixed after weaning

30
Q

what is the argument for using farrowing crates

A

reduce risk of piglets being crushed by sow

31
Q

the key to successful gestational housing and husbandry is to reduce this

A

stress

32
Q

name 3 sow welfare issues associated with farrowing crates

A
  1. physical restriction
  2. behavioural restriction via restraint
  3. behavioural restriction via inadequate nest-building substrate
33
Q

name 3 piglet welfare issues associated with farrowing crates

A
  1. increased risk of stillbirth
  2. increased risk of mis-mothering
  3. lack of enrichment opportunities
34
Q

farrowing can take between this many hours

A

2-24 hours

35
Q

there should not be a delay longer than this between piglets during farrowing

A

20 minutes

36
Q

each let-down bout of milk/colostrum from the sow lasts about this long

A

20-30 seconds

37
Q

after farrowing, let-downs of colostrum occur approximately this often

A

every 20 minutes

38
Q

colostrum is available in a sow for approximately this long postpartum before it turns to milk

A

24-30 hours

39
Q

‘gut closure’ occurs after this long in piglets and their gut will no longer be able to absorb Ig from colostrum

A

48 hours

40
Q

this is the limiting factor in colostrum and milk production

A

the sow

41
Q

this complex syndrome can develop in sows who are over-fed prior to farrowing and can be seen in the sows shortly after farrowing

A

MMA (mastitis, metritis, agalactia)

42
Q

what should be done with/for pathologically growth retarded piglets

A

humane euthanasia

43
Q

clipping or grinding of these is performed to prevent piglets damaging each other and the sow when scrambling to get access to the udder

A

teeth

44
Q

clipping or docking of these helps control the occurrence of tail-biting often performed latterly in the grower-finisher stages of production

A

tails

45
Q

the sow should come back into oestrus approximately this long after weaning

A

5-7 days

46
Q

this can be described as the application of measures designed to prevent the introduction of new infectious agents into livestock units and to prevent or control the spread of those diseases within the unit

A

biosecurity

47
Q

this allows incoming pigs to be kept in isolation from the main herd while any diseases they may be carrying or incubating can be detected

A

quarantine

48
Q

quarantine of new pigs should ideally be this long, but this is considered the minimum for commercial farms

A

6-8 weeks; 4 weeks

49
Q

this represents one of the biggest risks to the biosecurity of a pig unit and must be well designed with strict disease control policies - must be on the perimeter-4

A

loading bay

ALFS (13 decks)

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