Sheep and Goats Lecture Part 2

Question 1

Veratrum californicum is a noninfectious cause of preg loss that causes ___ if ingested during days __-__ of gestation.

Answer 1

Fetal cyclops if ingested in days 11-14 of gestation

Question 2

Locoweed is a noninfectious cause of preg loss also causing….

Answer 2

Arthrogryposis, weak kids, hydrops

Question 3

____ deficiency and ____ deficiency can cause preg. loss

Answer 3

Selenium and Iodine

Question 4

Pseudopregnancy is common in what species and what months is it most common???

Answer 4

Goats; between Nov-December

Question 5

How can we tx pseudopregnancy and what is the prognosis for fertility?

Answer 5

Treat with PGF (prostaglandins), prognosis for fertility is good

Question 6

Campylobacter is the most significant cause of abortion of what species in the US? What sp is it rare. Is it zoonotic?

Answer 6

Most common in sheep; rare in goats; yes, it is zoonotic

Question 7

Diagnosis of Campylobacter includes….

Answer 7

Edematous placenta. Fetus SubQ edema and peritoneal effusion of the cotyledons or stomach contents (or lung if fetus inhaled), impression smears and culture

Question 8

What does campylobacter look like under the microscope?

Answer 8

Little seagull drawings

Question 9

How can you prevent and tx Campylobacter?

Answer 9

Prevent with vac pre breeding annually and TX with Tetracyclines and vax with immunity in 2 weeks

Question 10

Chlamydia is a common cause of abortion in ___ and ____ but is MOST common in _____. What is the official name of the bacteria involved?

Answer 10

Sheep and goats; most common in goats; Chlamydophila abortus

Question 11

What is the reservoir for Chlamydia???

Answer 11

Birds are the reservoir

Question 12

Chlamydia infection during first half gestation vs second half of gestation?

Answer 12

First half–> Late term abortions and week neonates

Second half of gestation–> Abort subsequent pregnancy

Question 13

What is the diagnosis of Chlamydia? What is the Tx? is it zoonotic??

Answer 13

Red, coccoid, intracellular, elementary bodies (C. burnetti). It is zoonotic esp. in preg women and prevention is the same as Campylobacter

Question 14

Q-Fever characteristics:

Answer 14

Coxiella burneii is a rickettsial organism, shed by ticks and survives in the environment. Abortions in goats are MORE common than sheep. Shed in milk of goats and cattle BUT NOT sheep.

Question 15

What is the primary concern for Q-fever?

Answer 15

Zoonotic potential. One of the reasons why we pasteurize milk.

Question 16

Brucellosis- Brucella melitensis causes abortions. weak babies, and mastitis in what species?

Answer 16

Goats

Question 17

When does abortion from Brucellosis occur in goat? What is the tx?

Answer 17

Final trimester; No tx; no vax

Question 18

Abortion with deformities related to BVD= ?

Answer 18

Border disease virus (a pestivirus)

Question 19

What are the clinical signs associated with Border disease?

Answer 19

Abortion of hairy shaker lambs, persistently infected and grow dark hair instead of wool. Cerebellar hyperplasia causes tremors/shaking

Question 20

Toxoplasmosis is caused by protozoan _____ _______.

Answer 20

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 21

Toxoplasmosis cause what clinical signs? What species are vital to transmission?

Answer 21

Abortion, fetal mummification, still births, weak lambs/kids; cats are vital to transmission (via sexual repro)

Question 22

Toxoplasmosis diagnosis:

Answer 22

Focal areas of necrosis on cotyledons with calcification. Intercotyledonary placenta is NOTTT affected. Is it zoonotic.

Question 23

What are two other diseases of sheep and goats (small ruminants) that cause abortions similar to cattle?

Answer 23

Listeria and leptospirosis