Diseases of the penis, prepuce, and prostate Flashcards
Prostate anatomy review–>
Two lobes, prominent median septum, surrounding the urethra. Deep pelvic canal.
What structure in the dog produces seminal plasma and is responsible for fluid components of all 3 fractions of ejac.
The prostate
What are two clues of prostatic issue?
Flat shaped feces, discolored semen
what is the most common disease of the canine prostate, where we say “its not if they have it, its WHEN”?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) requires input from what hormone for more than five years?
Testosterone
What is the key prostatic stimulation leading to stromal glandular growth? What sensitizes the prostate to this?
DHT; estrogen sensitizes prostate to this
Sertoli cell tumor = _____ and ___ ____
BPH + squamous metaplasia
Clinical sings of BPH–>
Usually none, may have bloody urethral discharge, hemospermia, hematuria, or stranguria (moreso in humans tho)
What does BPH look like on PE???
Symmetrical, enlarged, non-painful prostate
Treatment options for BPH:
Castration to remove source of testosterone is gold standard, otherwise can give 5a reductase inhibitor to stop the conversion of testosterone to DHT
RX: Finasteride
Prostatic cysts
Typically assoc. with BPH, fluid retention from obstructed canaliculi, creating cavitating lesion filled with fluid. Can become an abscess
Prostatitis can be acute or chronic and is usually secondary to BPH. T/F
True!!
Prostatitis is more common in older dogs with BPH, and is rare in castrated males. T/F
True!!
What is the pathophys of prostatitis???
Glandular changes occuring which leads to a disruption of prostatic fluid or urine flow and predisposes the gland to infection
What are the clinical signs of prostatitis that are not commonly found in BPH?
Fever, caudal abdominal pain, painful prostate on rectal examination
What version of prostatitis is the most difficult to diagnose?
Chronic
What is a common bacterial pathogen found to cause prostatitis?
E. coli
Treatment for prostatitis:
Based off culture and sens. results. Use highly lipid soluble drugs, abx with high pH to enter prostate. LONG TERM TX–> AT LEAST 4-6 WEEKS!!!
Prostatic neoplasia is more common in in-tact males. T/F
false, more common in neutered males.
Prostatic neoplasia:
The most common prostatic condition of neutered males…. always palpate prostate even if patient is NTR’s
A palatable prostate in a neutered male can mean….
Prostatic neoplasia :( :(
Clinical signs of prostatic neoplasia:
Tenesmus- prostate gland blocking colon causing flat feces, weight loss, stragnuria, dysuria, systemic illnesses, *HL weakness/pain (skeletal metastasis)
What does it mean if we see mineralization around the area of the prostate on rads?
Prostatic neoplasia is likely
Prostatic neoplasias in dogs are typically ____ independent and have ___ prognosis
Androgen; poor
Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)
Common in tropical areas, only “contagious” tumor in small animals, rare in US, penis is primary site in males and vagina in females, cauliflower like mass that is very friable and ulcerated
TVT- _____ is rare, diagnose with cytology/biopsy
Metastasis
TVT- TX and what is the prognosis???
Vincristine (a Chemo drug), Adriamycin for 4-6 weeks, Prognosis is GOOD
What is it called when the urethra opens at a site proximal to its typically opening at the tip of the penis?
Hypospadias
Urethral prolpase is most common in what breed? What does it cause especially during erection?
Bulldogs; sporadic urethral bleeding especially during erection
Paraphimosis
Failure of penis to retract into prepuce, can lead to ischemic necrosis of the penis
What is a non-specific inflammation of the penis that can be further investigated via histopath?
Balanoposthitis
Fractured os Penis is associated with what 3 possible consequences?
Reluctance to breed again, urethral hemorrhage can be assoc., and can lead to urethral stricture with difficulty urinating
