Diseases of the penis, prepuce, and prostate

Question 1

Prostate anatomy review–>

Answer 1

Two lobes, prominent median septum, surrounding the urethra. Deep pelvic canal.

Question 2

What structure in the dog produces seminal plasma and is responsible for fluid components of all 3 fractions of ejac.

Answer 2

The prostate

Question 3

What are two clues of prostatic issue?

Answer 3

Flat shaped feces, discolored semen

Question 4

what is the most common disease of the canine prostate, where we say “its not if they have it, its WHEN”?

Answer 4

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 5

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) requires input from what hormone for more than five years?

Answer 5

Testosterone

Question 6

What is the key prostatic stimulation leading to stromal glandular growth? What sensitizes the prostate to this?

Answer 6

DHT; estrogen sensitizes prostate to this

Question 7

Sertoli cell tumor = _____ and ___ ____

Answer 7

BPH + squamous metaplasia

Question 8

Clinical sings of BPH–>

Answer 8

Usually none, may have bloody urethral discharge, hemospermia, hematuria, or stranguria (moreso in humans tho)

Question 9

What does BPH look like on PE???

Answer 9

Symmetrical, enlarged, non-painful prostate

Question 10

Treatment options for BPH:

Answer 10

Castration to remove source of testosterone is gold standard, otherwise can give 5a reductase inhibitor to stop the conversion of testosterone to DHT
RX: Finasteride

Question 11

Prostatic cysts

Answer 11

Typically assoc. with BPH, fluid retention from obstructed canaliculi, creating cavitating lesion filled with fluid. Can become an abscess

Question 12

Prostatitis can be acute or chronic and is usually secondary to BPH. T/F

Answer 12

True!!

Question 13

Prostatitis is more common in older dogs with BPH, and is rare in castrated males. T/F

Answer 13

True!!

Question 14

What is the pathophys of prostatitis???

Answer 14

Glandular changes occuring which leads to a disruption of prostatic fluid or urine flow and predisposes the gland to infection

Question 15

What are the clinical signs of prostatitis that are not commonly found in BPH?

Answer 15

Fever, caudal abdominal pain, painful prostate on rectal examination

Question 16

What version of prostatitis is the most difficult to diagnose?

Answer 16

Chronic

Question 17

What is a common bacterial pathogen found to cause prostatitis?

Answer 17

E. coli

Question 18

Treatment for prostatitis:

Answer 18

Based off culture and sens. results. Use highly lipid soluble drugs, abx with high pH to enter prostate. LONG TERM TX–> AT LEAST 4-6 WEEKS!!!

Question 19

Prostatic neoplasia is more common in in-tact males. T/F

Answer 19

false, more common in neutered males.

Question 20

Prostatic neoplasia:

Answer 20

The most common prostatic condition of neutered males…. always palpate prostate even if patient is NTR’s

Question 21

A palatable prostate in a neutered male can mean….

Answer 21

Prostatic neoplasia :( :(

Question 22

Clinical signs of prostatic neoplasia:

Answer 22

Tenesmus- prostate gland blocking colon causing flat feces, weight loss, stragnuria, dysuria, systemic illnesses, *HL weakness/pain (skeletal metastasis)

Question 23

What does it mean if we see mineralization around the area of the prostate on rads?

Answer 23

Prostatic neoplasia is likely

Question 24

Prostatic neoplasias in dogs are typically ____ independent and have ___ prognosis

Answer 24

Androgen; poor

Question 25

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

Answer 25

Common in tropical areas, only “contagious” tumor in small animals, rare in US, penis is primary site in males and vagina in females, cauliflower like mass that is very friable and ulcerated

Question 26

TVT- _____ is rare, diagnose with cytology/biopsy

Answer 26

Metastasis

Question 27

TVT- TX and what is the prognosis???

Answer 27

Vincristine (a Chemo drug), Adriamycin for 4-6 weeks, Prognosis is GOOD

Question 28

What is it called when the urethra opens at a site proximal to its typically opening at the tip of the penis?

Answer 28

Hypospadias

Question 29

Urethral prolpase is most common in what breed? What does it cause especially during erection?

Answer 29

Bulldogs; sporadic urethral bleeding especially during erection

Question 30

Paraphimosis

Answer 30

Failure of penis to retract into prepuce, can lead to ischemic necrosis of the penis

Question 31

What is a non-specific inflammation of the penis that can be further investigated via histopath?

Answer 31

Balanoposthitis

Question 32

Fractured os Penis is associated with what 3 possible consequences?

Answer 32

Reluctance to breed again, urethral hemorrhage can be assoc., and can lead to urethral stricture with difficulty urinating