Canine Breeding Management and Brucellosis Flashcards
Ovulation timing requires what 4 things?
Vaginal cytology, vaginal speculum or vaginoscopy exam, progesterone testing, and LH testing
- What is the action of GnRH?
- What is the action of FSH??
- What is the action of LH?
- What is the action of Estrogen?
- What is the function of progesterone?
- causes release of FSH and LH
- Stimulates preovulatory follicles
- Causes ovulation
- initiates proestrus
- maintains preg
Proestrus lasts ___-___ days and this is when ____ development occurs
7-9 days; follicular development
When do estrogen levels peak?
Near the end of proestrus as the follicle matures
estrogen is low with progesterone rising during what stage????
Estrus
:.
:.
Ovulation requires ___ hours to be capable of fertilization. Remain capable of fertilization for how long???
48 hours; for UP TO 4 days
Diestrus- what are the levels of estrogen and progesterone at this time??
Increased progesterone to max level and then it plateaus.
How long does diestrus last IF preg occurs?
Preg= 57 d
_____ is a period of sexual quiescence followed by diestrus where the uterus is involuting and preparing for the next cycle. Minimal ovarian activities.
Anestrus
Anestrus behavior will be similar to what? What will vaginal cytology show?
Behavior will be similar to that of a spayed female; vaginal cytology will show mostly parabasal and intermediate cells
What are the levels of progesterone and estrogen during anestrus? How long does anestrus last?
Prog. and estrogen low; lasts 2-9 months but avg is 4-7 months bc they require AT LEAST four months for complete uterine involution.
What are the two endocrine tests we can use for staging the estrous cycle?
Progesterone levels, LH levels
Vaginal cells types include what four?
Parabasal, intermediate, nucleated superficial, anucleated superficial
Characterize the cell type:
- Parabasal
- Intermediate
- Nucleated superficial
- Anucleated superficial
- nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
- start to see flat irreg. borders with smaller nucleus than before
- nucleus is small and faint
- no nucleus seen at all
What do we expect to see during proestrus as far as vaginal cytology is concerned?
Mix to epith. cells and some parabasal or intermediate.
Percentage of ____ cells increases as _____ progresses
Cornified; proestrus
Cytology during estrus will show…..
All cells are cornified with nucleated superficial cells and anuclear superficial cells later on
Vaginal cytology during diestrus will show….
Dramatic shift from cornified cells back to intermed. and parabasal cells. Lots of WBCs on days 1-2
With vaginal cytology supporting the finding of diestrus, when do we expect the welping to occur?
57 days later
Vaginal cytology of what stage is a good predictor of period of welping to occur?
Diestrus
Predom. parabasal cells with few intermediates and very rare superficial cells seen on vaginal cytology tells us we are in what stage?
Anestrus
Maximal crenulation (folding of the dried mucosa) is evidence of what?
Fertile period
Impt Facts:
- Proestrus avgs ___ days
- Estrus avgs ___ days
- LH surge triggers ____ in __ hrs
9;9; ovulation; 48 hours
Bitch ovulates a primary follicle over a period of ___ hours, each undergoing meiosis which takes 48 hrs and then its capable of _____
36 hours; fertilization
Eggs are fertilized in what anatomical structure ___-___ days after LH surge
Oviducts; 4-5 days
LH surge–> 2 days–> _____—> 2 days—> ____ _____
Ovulation; fertile period
P4 (progesterone) at level of 2.0 = ___ ____.
Between 4-6 means=
greater than 10 means=
2.0= LH surge
4-6=ovulation
10 or greater= fertile period
____ can test for LH
Synbiotics (at home test, only tells + or -)
When should we first start examining female for breeding management?
Around 5 days of the cycle and then 1-3 d after that (more cytology and hormone testing as ovulation approaches!!)
Sperm longevity:
Fresh: 2-7 d
Chilled: 1-3 d
Frozen: 8-12 HOURS
When do we use fresh or chilled semen? What about frozen semen?
Fresh or chilled prior to the egg becoming fertilized, frozen after egg is already fertilized
Breeding bitch every day for up to 3 matings or until she is no longer receptive might ensure what?
Increased litter size by 1-2 pups, a single breeding should occur 1-2 d after ovulation with this method
Vaginal insemination– breed when?
1-2 d after ovulation, repeat in 2 days
LH surge happens at P4 (progesterone) level of ____ and then 2 days later what happens? And two days after that?
2.0; ovulate; fertile window
Canine Brucellosis is zoonotic and reportable and affects dogs. What is the route/mode of transmission?
Ingestion of the bacteria is most common, also via placenta tissue, vaginal discharge, mammary secretions. Also veneral trans. via AI and vertical transmission to babies via inf. milk
Clinical signs of Brucellosis–>
Most common sign is infertility, most without clinical signs. Prolonged bacteremia with fever is impt feature***
Reproductive issues assoc. with Brucellosis infection in the female and male–>
Female: Abortion late in gestation, early embryotic death, sero-positive vaginal discharge
Male: Prostatitis, epidiymitis, scrotal dermatitis, testicular degeneration
Diagnosis of Brucellosis includes….
Serology, rapid agglutination test (RCAT/RSAT), AGID, and culture
If rapid agglutination test is positive (a very sens. but NOT specific test), then do AGID (more specific) to confirm. T/F
Truez!!
Culture is not preferred to diag, brucellosis, why?
Very hard to grow, though this test is Gold Standard, it is very dangerous to lab personnel so it is rarely done.
Tx of Brucellosis–>
Euth should always be considered. OHE/Castration, tx of choice is Baytril for 1 month. Can also do doxy + gentamicin + rifampin longer term (repeat q 3 weeks)
Control of Brucellosis:
Quarantine kennels, cleaning, tx and eliminate all positives, test monthly until 3 neg tests in a row (because has 12 weeks of seroconversion***), test every 6-12 months for surveillance, house dogs apart for 2 months
