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Therio exam 3 > Canine Breeding Management and Brucellosis > Flashcards

Canine Breeding Management and Brucellosis Flashcards

1
Q

Ovulation timing requires what 4 things?

A

Vaginal cytology, vaginal speculum or vaginoscopy exam, progesterone testing, and LH testing

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2
Q
  1. What is the action of GnRH?
  2. What is the action of FSH??
  3. What is the action of LH?
  4. What is the action of Estrogen?
  5. What is the function of progesterone?
A
  1. causes release of FSH and LH
  2. Stimulates preovulatory follicles
  3. Causes ovulation
  4. initiates proestrus
  5. maintains preg
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3
Q

Proestrus lasts ___-___ days and this is when ____ development occurs

A

7-9 days; follicular development

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4
Q

When do estrogen levels peak?

A

Near the end of proestrus as the follicle matures

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5
Q

estrogen is low with progesterone rising during what stage????

A

Estrus

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6
Q

:.

A

:.

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7
Q

Ovulation requires ___ hours to be capable of fertilization. Remain capable of fertilization for how long???

A

48 hours; for UP TO 4 days

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8
Q

Diestrus- what are the levels of estrogen and progesterone at this time??

A

Increased progesterone to max level and then it plateaus.

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9
Q

How long does diestrus last IF preg occurs?

A

Preg= 57 d

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10
Q

_____ is a period of sexual quiescence followed by diestrus where the uterus is involuting and preparing for the next cycle. Minimal ovarian activities.

A

Anestrus

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11
Q

Anestrus behavior will be similar to what? What will vaginal cytology show?

A

Behavior will be similar to that of a spayed female; vaginal cytology will show mostly parabasal and intermediate cells

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12
Q

What are the levels of progesterone and estrogen during anestrus? How long does anestrus last?

A

Prog. and estrogen low; lasts 2-9 months but avg is 4-7 months bc they require AT LEAST four months for complete uterine involution.

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13
Q

What are the two endocrine tests we can use for staging the estrous cycle?

A

Progesterone levels, LH levels

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14
Q

Vaginal cells types include what four?

A

Parabasal, intermediate, nucleated superficial, anucleated superficial

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15
Q

Characterize the cell type:

  1. Parabasal
  2. Intermediate
  3. Nucleated superficial
  4. Anucleated superficial
A
  1. nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
  2. start to see flat irreg. borders with smaller nucleus than before
  3. nucleus is small and faint
  4. no nucleus seen at all
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16
Q

What do we expect to see during proestrus as far as vaginal cytology is concerned?

A

Mix to epith. cells and some parabasal or intermediate.

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17
Q

Percentage of ____ cells increases as _____ progresses

A

Cornified; proestrus

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18
Q

Cytology during estrus will show…..

A

All cells are cornified with nucleated superficial cells and anuclear superficial cells later on

19
Q

Vaginal cytology during diestrus will show….

A

Dramatic shift from cornified cells back to intermed. and parabasal cells. Lots of WBCs on days 1-2

20
Q

With vaginal cytology supporting the finding of diestrus, when do we expect the welping to occur?

A

57 days later

21
Q

Vaginal cytology of what stage is a good predictor of period of welping to occur?

A

Diestrus

22
Q

Predom. parabasal cells with few intermediates and very rare superficial cells seen on vaginal cytology tells us we are in what stage?

A

Anestrus

23
Q

Maximal crenulation (folding of the dried mucosa) is evidence of what?

A

Fertile period

24
Q

Impt Facts:

  1. Proestrus avgs ___ days
  2. Estrus avgs ___ days
  3. LH surge triggers ____ in __ hrs
A

9;9; ovulation; 48 hours

25
Q

Bitch ovulates a primary follicle over a period of ___ hours, each undergoing meiosis which takes 48 hrs and then its capable of _____

A

36 hours; fertilization

26
Q

Eggs are fertilized in what anatomical structure ___-___ days after LH surge

A

Oviducts; 4-5 days

27
Q

LH surge–> 2 days–> _____—> 2 days—> ____ _____

A

Ovulation; fertile period

28
Q

P4 (progesterone) at level of 2.0 = ___ ____.
Between 4-6 means=
greater than 10 means=

A

2.0= LH surge
4-6=ovulation
10 or greater= fertile period

29
Q

____ can test for LH

A

Synbiotics (at home test, only tells + or -)

30
Q

When should we first start examining female for breeding management?

A

Around 5 days of the cycle and then 1-3 d after that (more cytology and hormone testing as ovulation approaches!!)

31
Q

Sperm longevity:

A

Fresh: 2-7 d
Chilled: 1-3 d
Frozen: 8-12 HOURS

32
Q

When do we use fresh or chilled semen? What about frozen semen?

A

Fresh or chilled prior to the egg becoming fertilized, frozen after egg is already fertilized

33
Q

Breeding bitch every day for up to 3 matings or until she is no longer receptive might ensure what?

A

Increased litter size by 1-2 pups, a single breeding should occur 1-2 d after ovulation with this method

34
Q

Vaginal insemination– breed when?

A

1-2 d after ovulation, repeat in 2 days

35
Q

LH surge happens at P4 (progesterone) level of ____ and then 2 days later what happens? And two days after that?

A

2.0; ovulate; fertile window

36
Q

Canine Brucellosis is zoonotic and reportable and affects dogs. What is the route/mode of transmission?

A

Ingestion of the bacteria is most common, also via placenta tissue, vaginal discharge, mammary secretions. Also veneral trans. via AI and vertical transmission to babies via inf. milk

37
Q

Clinical signs of Brucellosis–>

A

Most common sign is infertility, most without clinical signs. Prolonged bacteremia with fever is impt feature***

38
Q

Reproductive issues assoc. with Brucellosis infection in the female and male–>

A

Female: Abortion late in gestation, early embryotic death, sero-positive vaginal discharge
Male: Prostatitis, epidiymitis, scrotal dermatitis, testicular degeneration

39
Q

Diagnosis of Brucellosis includes….

A

Serology, rapid agglutination test (RCAT/RSAT), AGID, and culture

40
Q

If rapid agglutination test is positive (a very sens. but NOT specific test), then do AGID (more specific) to confirm. T/F

A

Truez!!

41
Q

Culture is not preferred to diag, brucellosis, why?

A

Very hard to grow, though this test is Gold Standard, it is very dangerous to lab personnel so it is rarely done.

42
Q

Tx of Brucellosis–>

A

Euth should always be considered. OHE/Castration, tx of choice is Baytril for 1 month. Can also do doxy + gentamicin + rifampin longer term (repeat q 3 weeks)

43
Q

Control of Brucellosis:

A

Quarantine kennels, cleaning, tx and eliminate all positives, test monthly until 3 neg tests in a row (because has 12 weeks of seroconversion***), test every 6-12 months for surveillance, house dogs apart for 2 months

Therio exam 3 (12 decks)

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