Canine Pregnancy, Whelping, Dystocia, and Neonatology

Question 1

Pregnancy length is __-___ days from LH surge

Answer 1

64-65

Question 2

Pregnancy is ___-__ days from ovulation

Will be two days less than from LH surge

Answer 2

62-63

Question 3

Pregnancy is ___-___ days from first day of cytological diestrus

Answer 3

56-58

Question 4

Pregnancy is __-__ days from a single breeding. Why such a broad length?

Answer 4

59-72; because female could have been bred a week before fertile window or at the very end of her fertile window.

Question 5

When can we palpate pregnancy?

Answer 5

20-40 days on abdominal palpation, will just feel a lot of uterine enlargement

Question 6

When can we use U/S to determine pregnancy in a dog?

Answer 6

20+ days, but hard to count number of puppies. Best method because can detect heartbeats in 22-25 days

Question 7

What can help determine pregnancy in 25 days post LH surge?

Answer 7

Relaxin assay (Relaxin is produced via placenta)

Question 8

What can help determine pregnancy after 42 days?

Answer 8

Rads, can count them too

Question 9

What can we use to tx pseudopregnancy?

Answer 9

Prolactin inhibitors (remember to rule out pyometra first!!)

Question 10

Black/green fluid seen is a sign of placental separation and is called….

Answer 10

Marginal hematoma

Question 11

Dog placenta characteristics:

Answer 11

Zonary shape
Chorioallantoic origin
Endotheliochorial invasiveness
Labyrinthine structure of fetal placental vasculature
Deciduate degree of attachment to the endometrium

Question 12

Gestation length of a dog is __-__ days from LH surge and __ days from onset of clinical diestrus

Answer 12

64-65; 57

Question 13

Body temp ____ during parturition

Answer 13

Decreases

Question 14

Most fetal growth is in the last __-___ weeks of pregnancy

Answer 14

3-4 weeks

Question 15

Canine normal delivery timeline: Typical 3 stages

Answer 15

Stage 1: 6-12 hours
Stage 2: 3-12 hours
Stage 3: follows each fetus within 15 minutes

Question 16

What is the longest step in delivery?

Answer 16

Expulsion of the first fetus

Question 17

Interval between puppies can be ___ minutes to ___ ____

Answer 17

5 minutes to two hours

Question 18

Clinical signs of dystocia in bitch:

Answer 18

greenish brown (ueroverdin) discharge without delivery in 2-4 hours (pups compromised because placenta now longer in tact), strong straining for more than 20-30 minutes, more than 2-4 hrs between puppies, dam in second stage labor for more than 12 hours

Question 19

Dystocia in dogs is ____% maternal and ___% fetal unlike cows

Answer 19

75%; 25%

Question 20

Heartbeats of puppies less than ___bpm = stressed

Answer 20

150

Question 22

why would we want to tx pseudopregnancy even if it is a natural process? What do we tx with?

Answer 22

Because can lead to increased risk of mammary tumors; we tx with prolactin inhibitors after r/o pyometra

Question 23

What is the majority of dystocia in dogs caused from?

Answer 23

Primary uterine inertia

Question 23

Dystocia is uncommon in ____

Answer 23

cats