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Human Disease > Sexually transmitted diseases > Flashcards

Sexually transmitted diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What diseases present in the throat?

A

chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis

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2
Q

What disease present in the mouth?

A

herpes, HIV, HPV

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3
Q

What does chlamydia infect?

A

Infects mucosal epithelium

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4
Q

What is the incubation period for chlamydia?

A

1 - 4 weeks

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5
Q

What is the % of people who dont show any symptoms for chlamydia?

A

M >50%

F >70%

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6
Q

What happens if chlamydia infects the uterus and fallopian tubes?

A

Leads to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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7
Q

What is the % of people who get PID following endocervical injection?

A

17%

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8
Q

What does PID cause?

A

Infertility or ectopic pregnancies

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9
Q

What measures have been put in place to reduce % of people not knowing they have chlamydia?

A

National screening programme for 15 - 24 yr old to be screened every year

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10
Q

How does Gonorrhoea present?

A

Purulent discharge, accompanied by inflammation
15% M asymptomatic
50% F asymptomatic

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11
Q

What diagnostic test is used to detect gonnorhoea?

A

NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test

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12
Q

What areas are swabbed for diagnostic testing of gonorrhea?

A

M - urine, throat, rectum

F - vaginal, endocervical

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13
Q

What treatment is there for gonorrhea?

A

Antibiotics but no sex for 7 days after starting them
Tracing of partners
Ceftiaxone, Ciproflaxin, azithromycin
Antimicrobial resistant so need dual therapy

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14
Q

What treatment is there for Chlamydia?

A

Antibiotics - Doxycylcine, azithromycin

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15
Q

What are the 3 main causes of genital ulceration?

A

Herpes simplex virus
Primary syphilis
Non sexually transmitted infection

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16
Q

How many types of genital herpes?

A

2 types : HSV 1 and HSV 2

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17
Q

What is the incubation period for genital herpes?

A

2 days - several weeks

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18
Q

How does herpes present?

A

Flu like symptoms
Vesicles burst to form ulcers which then crust and heal and then asymptomatic shedding occurs once healed
Dysuria
Latent infection in spinal nerve root ganglia

19
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A

Swabs

20
Q

What is the treatment for herpes?

A

Acyclovir 5 - 10 days

21
Q

How easy it herpes to transmit?

A

Transmission without lesions is small but not 0

20 - 60% have the virus

22
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Spriochaete bacterium called Treponema pallidum

23
Q

Where is syphilis common?

A

MSM
Africa
Sex workers

24
Q

What is the incubation period for syphilis?

A

9-90 days

25
Q

How long is the primary infection for syphilis?

A

9- 90 days

26
Q

How long is the secondary infection fr syphilis?

A

6 weeks - 6 months

27
Q

How does syphilis present?

A

Painless ulcer - can get it in the back of the throat

28
Q

What causes genital warts?

A

Human papilloma virus (>100 types)

29
Q

Where does genital warts present?

A

Hands, feet, genitals

30
Q

What is the incubation period for genital warts?

A

2 weeks - 8 months

31
Q

How are genital warts treated?

A

Cryotherapy

Topical creams

32
Q

How often does it reoccur?

A

Reoccurs in 25% and virus is cleared over time by the immune system

33
Q

What is the link with HPV and cervical cancer?

A

1% of those with high risk HPV develop cervical cancer

34
Q

Which types of HPV are associated with cancer?

A

HPV 16 and 18

35
Q

What is the link between inflammation and HIV?

A

Increased HIV load during inflammatory response

36
Q

Where is HIV prevalent?

A

Sub - Saharan Africa - more poverty and less education
Europe (esp Eastern) - intravenous drugs
UK - 25% unaware, MSM highest incidence

37
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

vaginal, anal, oral, blood, vertical transmission

38
Q

What cells does the virus infect?

A

CD4 T-helper cells

39
Q

Describe the progression of HIV?

A

Long latent period where virus and CD4 levels are stable

Eventually CD4 reduced and viral load increases

40
Q

What delays progression to AIDS?

A

Medication

41
Q

What is PEP?

A

Post exposure prophylaxis. 1 month HAART if needlestick/splash from high risk patient

42
Q

What is PEPSE?

A

post exposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure. 1 month course of HAART

43
Q

What are high risk fluids for HIV?

A 
blood
CSF
breast milk
peritoneal fluid
amniotic fluid
saliva
44
Q

What are low risk fluids for HIV?

A

vomit
faeces
urine

Human Disease (54 decks)

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