Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Disease > Leukaemia > Flashcards

Leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Clonal proliferation of malignant blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does leukaemia happen?

A

Malignant cells undergo uncontrolled expansion in bone marrow leading to bone marrow failure and the cells circulate in blood and can infiltrate various organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 types of leukaemia?

A

Acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is acute leukaemia?

A

Malignant transformation occurs in haemopoietic stem cell

Defined by presence of over 20% blasts in blood or bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 types of acute leukaemia?

A

Acute myloid leukaemia AML (80%)

Acute lymphoblasitc leukaemia ALL (20%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is chronic leukaemia?

A

Proliferation of more mature precurser cell. Slower progression with relatively benign cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 2 types of chronic leukaemia?

A

Chronic myloid leukaemia CML

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia CLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of leukaemia?

A

INHERITED - Downs, klinefelters, immuno deficiencies

ENVIRONMENTAL - radiation, chemo, infection, myeloproliferative disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is AML?

A

Acute myloid leukaemia
Most common acute leukaemia in adults, 70 yrs
PRIMARY - de novo
SECONDARY - after another cause, eg chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical features of acute leukaemia (AML and ALL)?

A

BONE MARROW FAILURE
anaemia
neutropoenia
thrombocytopoenia

ORGAN INFLITRATION
lymadenopathy
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What investigations would you do for AML?

A

FBC
blood film - to see myloblasts
bone marrow biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for AML?

A

combination chemo
supportive treatment
bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the prognosis of AML dependant on?

A

Age. Higher cure rate if less than 60 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ALL?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Most common leukaemia in children, 2-10 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What investigations would you do for ALL?

A

FBC
blood film - to see lymphoblasts
bone marrow biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you treat ALL?

A

combo chemo

bone marrow transplant

17
Q

What is the prognosis for ALL?

A

70 -80% cure rate in childhood

18
Q

What is the difference between lymphblasts and myloblasts?

A

Lymphoblasts have less granules than myloblasts

19
Q

What is CML?

A

Chronic myloid leukaemia
Rare clonal myloproliferative disorder charaterised by an increase in mature myelocytes -esp. neutrophils
Adults, 40- 60 yrs

20
Q

What shows up in CML?

A

Philadelphia chromosome

21
Q

What are the 3 phases of CML?

A

Chronic
Accelerated
Blast transformation to acute

22
Q

What are the clinical features of CML?

A 
anaemia
thrombocytopoenia
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
hypermetabolim
hepatomegaly
23
Q

What investigations would you do for CML?

A

FBC
blood film to be myloid cells
bone marrow biopsy
cytogenics for philadelphia chromosome`

24
Q

What treatment would you give for CML?

A

chemo
splenectomy
bone marrow transplant
tyrosine kinase inhibitors

25
Q

What is CLL?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Clonal lymphoproliferative disease where lymphocytes accumulate in the blood, bone marrow and spleen as a result of longer life expectancy or reduced apoptosis
Largely elderly, 70 yrs

26
Q

What are the symptoms of CLL , if it is symptomatic?

A

lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
immunosuppression

27
Q

What investigations would you do for CLL?

A

FBC - see increased WBC
blood film - increase lymphocytes
bone marrow biopsy - see heavy lymphocyte infiltration

28
Q

What is the treatment for CLL?

A

chemo - if symptomatic

29
Q

What is the prognosis?

A

Deteriorates if any organ is infiltrated

30
Q

What is a stem cell transplant?

A

Transplant of multipotent haemopoeitic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow or peripheral blood

31
Q

What happen when recipient recieves transplant?

A

Body wants to reject it so they are given radiation or chemo prior to destroy their own immune system

32
Q

What is the difference between an autologous stem cell transplant and an allogenic stem cell transplant?

A 
Autologous = patients own stem cells used
Allogenic = stem cells from a donor
33
Q

What does chemo cause in the oral cavity?

A

ulcers

reduced saliva

Human Disease (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions