sexual, gender identity and personality disorders

Question 1

what are the first 4 events in the sequence leading to sexual orientation? (in order)

Answer 1

• biological variables
• childhood temperaments
• sexual-typical or atypical activity
• feeling different from opposite or same sex peers

Question 2

how is sexual orientation developed?

Answer 2

via complex interaction of bio-social-psycho influences

Question 3

what are 3 sexual and gender identity disorders?

Answer 3

• gender identity disorder
• sexual dysfunctions
• paraphilia

Question 4

what is gender identity disorder?

Answer 4

when a person feels trapped in a body that is the wrong sex, that does not match his or her sense of personal identity

Question 5

when does gender identity develop?

Answer 5

between 18 months and 3 years

Question 6

what are the biological influences of gender identity disorder?

Answer 6

not yet confirmed - likely to involved prenatal exposure to hormones

Question 7

what are the treatments for gender identity disorder?

Answer 7

• sex reassignment surgery = removal of breasts/penis
  this requires rigorous psychological preparation

Question 8

describe sexual dysfunctions

Answer 8

• sexual dysfunctions involve desire, arousal and/or orgasm
• males and females experience parallel versions of most dysfunctions

Question 9

what is the classification of sexual dysfunctions?

Answer 9

• lifelong vs acquired
• generalised vs situational
• or due to psychological factors

Question 10

what are the sexual dysfunctions?

Answer 10

• sexual desire disorders (hypoactive sexual desire, sexual aversion disorder)
• sexual arousal disorder (male erectile, female sexual arousal)
• orgasm disorders (inhibited orgasm, premature ejaculation)
• sexual pain disorders (dyspareunia, vaginismus)

Question 11

what are medical treatments for erectile dysfunction?

Answer 11

• viagra
• injections of vasodilation in the penis
• implants
• surgery
• therapy

Question 12

what is the nature of paraphilias?

Answer 12

sexual attraction and arousal to inappropriate people, or objects
high comorbidity with anxiety, mood and substance disorders

Question 13

main types of paraphilia

Answer 13

• fetishism
• voyeurism (gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity)
• exhibitionism
• transvestite fetishism
• sexual sadism
• pedophila

Question 14

what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?

Answer 14

• odd/eccentric
• dramatic/erratic
• anxious/fearful

Question 15

common risk factors of personality disorders

Answer 15

• childhood abuse/neglect
• aversive parrenting styles

Question 16

treatments for personality disorder

Answer 16

• medications (antidepressants, mood stabilisers)
• dialectical behaviour therapy (CBT, emotion-regulation, social skills training)
• metallisation-based therapy

Question 17

types of personality disorder

Answer 17

• schizotypal PD (consistent pattern of intense discomfort with close relationships and social interactions)
• avoidant PD (chronic feelings of inadequacy and are highly sensitive to being negatively judged by others)