Introduction to Biological Psychology Flashcards
The historical view of mechanisms controlling action
the heart was originally believed to be the seat of the soul. the body was functioned according to balanced of 4 vital fluids
what are the 4 vital fluids?
blood = enthusiasm, active, social
yellow bile = independence, additions and extroversion
black bile = thoughtfulness, introversion
phlegm = relaxation, easy going
what was Hippocrates theory about the brain?
the brain was the analyst of the outside world and interpreter of consciousness, was the seat of though, sensation and cognition
what was Galen’s view on movement?
the brain contained hollow, fluid filled spaces - assumed that movement was controlled by the flow of humours to and from the brain and muscles through nerves which he believed were hollow tubes
what was Descrates’ theory about movement?
nerves were filled with animal spirits that carry motor and sensory information to the ventricles of the brain
what was Gall’s theory of phrenology?
bumps on the surface of the skull reflected the bumps on the surface of the brain and were related to personality traits - bumps and depression in the skull relate to specific psychological and personality characteristics
what did Paul Broca do/discover?
studied a patient that lost power of speech due to a lesion in a small region in the left side of the brain; named it Broca’s region
what did Broadman develop?
cytoarchitechtual map of the cortex; different brain areas exhibited different cellular organisation
Who challenged Descartes Hydraulic model theory?
LUIGI GALVANI - showed that a frog’s leg muscle twitched when small electric current was applied - the nerve acted through electrical mechanisms not hydraulics
What did Otto Loewi discover?
showed that transmission at some synapses was controlled by chemicals (neurotransmitters)
