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Philosophy > sexual ethics > Flashcards

sexual ethics Flashcards

SEX?!

1
Q

What is Cohabitation

A

An unmarried couple living together in a sexual active relationship

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2
Q

What is consent

A

Freely agreeing to engage in sexual activities with another person

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3
Q

Premarital sex, explain what it is

A

sex before marriage

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4
Q

what is extramarital sex

A

Sex beyonds the confines of marriage

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5
Q

What is Betrothal

A

Traditional exchange of promises, which in earlier times marked the point at which sex was permitted

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6
Q

What is consummation

A

an act of sexual intercourse the indicates in some traditions the finalisation of the marriage

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7
Q

What is meant by the term exclusive

A

a commitment to be in a sexual relationship with a person to exclusion of others

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8
Q

Homosexuality

A

sexual attraction between two people of the same sex

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9
Q

Why has cohabitation changed since 1960

A

It may have changed due to the contraceptive pill in 1960 and how it got rid of the fear of unwanted pregnancies.

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10
Q

How have the statistics about cohabitation switched since 1960

A

1 in 20 UK cohabited in 1960 but in modern time it is about 50% and could be higher

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11
Q

Why did the definition change since 1960

A

1960 - short time where a coupled live together before marriage
Modern - long-lasting alternative to marriage

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12
Q

What is the christian traditional views on sex before/outside of marriage

A

It is sinful. It is a bond of marriage. Premarital sex indicates lack of moral discipline and threat to the institution of marriage and family

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13
Q

Who said “free from sexual immorality” and what does it mean

A

Corinthians and it means avoid inappropriate sexual behaviour (including sex before marriage)

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14
Q

The quote by Casti Connubi that goes “every sexual act must be within the framework of marriage” means what

A

you should only have sex with your spouse, cheating and premarital sex aren’t allowed

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15
Q

“this is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh” is a quote from what bible story and what does it mean

A

It is a quote from genesis which shows how marriage unifies and bonds with one person and sex is a physical symbol of this.

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16
Q

“this love is above all fully human, and compound sense and spirit. It is not them, merely, a question of natural instinct or emotional drive. It is also, and above all, and act of the free will, whose trust is such that it is meant not only to survive the joys and sorrows of daily life, but also grows, so that the husband and wife become in a way one heart and one soul, and together attain the human fulfilment” - means what

A

sexs connect a husband and wife as one. Not just about natural instinct and that promiscuous sex is bad cause it connects people

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17
Q

“some today claim a ‘right to a trial marriage’ where there is an intention of getting married later. However, firm the purpose of those who engage in premature sexual relations may be, ‘the fact is such liaisons an scarcely endure mutual sincerity and fidelity in a relationship between a a man and a women’ … human love does not tolerate ‘trial marriage. It demands total definitive gift of persons to one another” means what

A

Couples should not cohabit or have premarital sex. Sex is special and so couples should wait to be married

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18
Q

“The wisest and the most practical way forward therefore may be fore Christians both to hold fast to the centrality of marriage and at the same time to accept that cohabitation is, for many people, a step along the way towards that fuller and more complete commitment. Such an approach has much to be said it its favour.” was said by which general

A

cohabitation is a natural step towards marriage. And how a couple develops their commitment to each other

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19
Q

What is the catholic opinion on cohabitation

A

That if you get caught you couldnt do holy communion (the eating and drinking of the bread and the wine)

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20
Q

Arian thatcher ideas went to CofE (church of England) but what was his ideas

A

That Christians who believe pre-ceremonial sex is immoral have wrongly assumed the ceremony is required. he also came up with the idea of betrothal.

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21
Q

Why have religious marriage gone down

A

Due to the country becoming more Secular (less religious) and civil marriages goes up. The view of sex and living together before marriage have also gone up due to religion not being pushed as heavy

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22
Q

What are the two diffrent branches of extra marital sex

A

-> married person having intercourse with someone who isnt their spouse
-> single person having coitus with a married person

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23
Q

What is catholic view on divorce and how it links to extra marital sex

A

two baptised Christians in marriage have been consummated and mean that it excludes from communion with those who are divorced or remarried

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24
Q

what is the church of England view on divorce and extra marital sex

A

That even if you get remarried they are having extramarital sex with their husband or wife. This is due to them forbidding a divorce

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25
Q

How has non religious views towards extra marital sex changed over the last 25 years

A

due to peoples more secular mindset. This hasn’t affected the amount of people having sex under the age of 16 but the opinion on adultery.

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26
Q

With the change in peoples opinion of adultery how have genders changed their ops

A

Men gone from 45-63% thinking its wrong
Women gone from 53-70% thinking its wrong

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27
Q

what is the church thoughts on consent

A

Consent in an important factor. Even when getting married everything must be consential. We can see this in the ceremony when the catholic priest asks both partners if they want to get married

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28
Q

What does the quote “every sexual act must be within the framework of marriage” have to do with extra marital sex and the catholic church

A

That the extra marital sex is wrong due to sex should only be for marriage. Catholic church believes if you are married you are married for life. Therefore even if you get remarried the church still sees you as married to your previous spouse.

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29
Q

“that is why a man leaves his father and mother is united to his wife, and they become one flesh”. What does this quote have to do with extra marital sex and which part of the quote is the most important

A

“United to his wife, and they become one flesh” shows that what is bond together cannot be unbonded. Due to sex being a sacred act that units spouses

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30
Q

“Do not commit adultery” is one of what

A

One of the ten commandments and which is an expression of moral faith

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31
Q

What are two country can you still get punished by death if your a homosexual

A

Yemen, Iran

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32
Q

What do most of the countries with the death penalty’s have in common

A

Most of them are strictly religious (not just Christianity)

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33
Q

what happened 1885 for homosexuality couples

A

homosexual couples are illegal

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34
Q

What happened in 1967 for homosexual couples

A

homosexual act are now illegal for people over 21, but its legal for armed forces

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35
Q

What happened in 1994 for homosexual couples

A

Acts for homosexuals is now 18

36
Q

What happened in 2000 for homosexuals

A

Homosexuals are allowed in the arm forces

37
Q

What happened in 2001 for homosexuals

A

the age of consent becomes the same as heterosexuals couples at 16

38
Q

what happened to homosexuals in 2004

A

civil partnerships are recognised in the law

39
Q

What happened in 2013 for homosexual couples

A

Same-sex marriage is recognised in the law

40
Q

although people are having an increased tolerance towards homosexuality in Britain. why could their still be a plurality to society’s response

A

It COULD because of migrations from cultures with different attitudes

41
Q

How many members of the LGBT people have experienced hate crimes because of this

A

One in Five (20%)

42
Q

What does Homosexuality have to do with marriage in the church

A

No possible recreation, so this undermines the traditional purpose of marriage

43
Q

“Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a women; this is detestable” according to the Christian church affects homosexuality how

A

That being in same-sex relationships is disgusting and sinful

44
Q

“if a man has sexual relations with a man as one does with a women, both of them have done what is detestable. they are to be put to death; their blood will be on their hand”
Which part of this quote is important and what does it mean

A

“they are to be put to death”
that due to homosexuality being disgusting and sinful and so the only acceptable punishment is death

45
Q

“dont do wicked things” is important to the story how

A

That we know that wicked is bad and sinful

46
Q

“i have two daughter who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them”

A

That homosexuality is so bad that his daughters getting raped is a better choice than seeing men have sex

47
Q

“Or do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of god?”
Which part of the quote is important and why

A

“will not inherit the kingdom of God?”
homosexuals couples wont go to heaven

48
Q

“Even their women exchanged natural sexual relations to unnatural ones”
“Men committed shameful with other men”
What does this tell us about Homosexual relationships between women - women to men- men

A

its alright for women but bad for men

49
Q

What type of men commonly have sex with other men as well as their wives

A

Ancient Greece men

50
Q

What was Gareth Moore thoughts on scriptures

A

That its being inconsistently to reinforce prejudice. We can see this in the old testament as people no longer enforce them due to them being inconvenient and so they can use this to attack minorities

51
Q

What was vardy argument back to Gareth Moore

A

Jesus demanded high standards of morality and would not have tolerated liberal attitude towards homosexuality

52
Q

What does the church of England requires of Clergy who identify as gay or lesbian?

A

They must remain celibate. the term was made in issues in human sexuality bit the church were later acknowledged in a report of the house of bishops, working party on human sexuality

53
Q

give a brief explain Gene Robinson and his experience with homosexuality

A

When he was elected as bishop of diocese of new Hampshire in episcopal church (USA 2024) would have made him the firs priest in an openly Gay relationship

54
Q

Explain Jeffery John experience with the church of England

A

2003 Jeffery John was the first person in an openly Gay relationship to be nominated as a church of England bishop. However due to all the problems he caused meant that he ended up denying it

55
Q

Although the church of England minister cant perform same sex marriages what can they do?

A

They can pray with the couple after a state ceremony

56
Q

In 2023 what are services like for same sex couples

A

not formal weddings but are able to wear rings, have prayers read out, get confetti and blessing from the priest

57
Q

“place unions between homosexual persons” and “remotely analogous to gods plan for marriage and family” was said by which pope and what do they mean

A

Said by Pope Francis
Gods plan for marriage means homosexuals relations doesn’t equal those of heterosexual as they wont be able to fulfil gods instructions to procreate/ increase in numbers

58
Q

“If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?” - Pope Francis
Which part of the quote is the most important and why

A

“Who am i to judge”
The idea God is the ultimate judge and even if someone is gay or homosexual can have a good and loving nature and worship God

59
Q

What country is Cardinal glemp from and what did he say

A

POLAND!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
“backyard mongrels” refering to homosexuals being dirty and animalistic

60
Q

How many men are killed to their sexual orientation in Italy

A

150-200

61
Q

Why isnt it wrong to have inclinations towards the same sex

A

that it is not freely chosen and its a trial
Only way to fail the trial is by acting on the desires

62
Q

How is Genesis import for homosexuality

A

That due to use all being made in the image of god and so you aree suggesting God intentionally creates “disordered beings”

63
Q

What does Gareth Moore think that Christianity should promote

A

inclusivity

64
Q

What is B A Robinson state about liberal Christians

A

Methodist church consider ordination and marriage a civil right and should therefore be available to people of all sexual orientation

65
Q

When looking at ethical issues what do indivduals need to protect themselves from

A

Tyranny of political power and tyranny of the majority

66
Q

Whats J S Mill quote about tyranny

A

“the tyranny of the prevailing opinion”

67
Q

whats do we need to consider so we can be able to behave as we wish

A

That we can as long as no one else is harmed from our behaviour

68
Q

Whats the res tof Mills quote that ends with “is to prevent them to others”

A

“that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others”

69
Q

Where would you use J S Mill

A

when talking about extra marital sex

70
Q

Whats Mills opinion on marriage

A

Not opposed to marriage but felt more needs to be done to make marriage more fair

71
Q

what did J S Mill write about in 1869

A

subjection of women that through the institution of marriage women are being relegated to the status of slave

72
Q

Having bodily integrity, including the opportunity for sexual satisfaction
How does this affect Extra marital sex, premarital sex and homosexuality

A

EM sex – can be justified if marriage is abusive
PM sex – don’t need to be married to make the choice to be sexually satisfied
Homo – same sex couples can enjoy pleasure

73
Q

What must a relationship be so that people shouldn’t be able to judge others

A

that it must be consensual

74
Q

Why is compassion and respect a strength

A

Allows for nuance + complexity for individuals

75
Q

Whats natural law thoughts about morality

A

It is objective and absolute fixed

76
Q

How does something need to be good in natural law theory

A

That it helps human flourish as well as achieving its purpose

77
Q

How do we judge what is right and wrong in natural law theory

A

It requires the use of reason. We can do reason because of the fact that we are made in the image of God

78
Q

who made the five primary precepts in NLT

A

Aquinas

79
Q

What are the two most important precepts for sexual ethics

A

Human procreation
Living in a peaceful and harmonious community

80
Q

What are primary precepts in NLT

A

They are descriptive and tell us what to do

81
Q

How does sexual ethics draw heavily to natural law

A

That the idea that procreation is central to the purpose of sex and marriage
Sex must have an unifying purpose and it mustnt be separated from procreation

82
Q

“the fundamental nature of the marriage act, whilst uniting husband and wife in the closest intimacy, also renders them capable of generating new life- and this as a result of laws written into the actual nature of man and women”
Was said by who and what is it trying to get across

A

Pope Paul
the fact that sexual relations and cant bring new life can have their morality questioned

83
Q

What is the criticism that involves women living longer

A

That due to women living longer and spending more time being non fertile than fertile. Are they only allowed to have sex in their “fertile prime”?

84
Q

Do we judge heterosexual couples with fertility problems as immoral?

A

No, therefore should we rethink the condemnation of homosexual couples who are seemed as sinful as they cannot procreate

85
Q

What is Burton M Leiser thought on the multiple purpose

A

We do not simultaneously fulfil all purposes at once

86
Q

What is Burton M Leiser thoughts on orgasms

A

Due to sexual organs are suited to reproduction doesn’t means its their only purpose and is suited for producing pleasure

87
Q

Now Sarai Abrams’s wife, had borne him no children. But she had an Egyptian slave named Hagar, so she said to Abram, “the lord has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my slave; perhaps I can build a family through her.” Abram agreed to what Saria said. So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian slave Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. He slept with Hagar, and she conceived.”
is a story from genesis which wants to get what idea across

A

That it could lead to inconsistent applications of natural law theory and could result in some upsetting but still morally ‘justified’ actions.

Philosophy (7 decks)

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