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Philosophy > Meta ethics > Flashcards

Meta ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Meta ethics

A

second order moral discourse

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2
Q

How does meta ethics takes us beyond normative ethics

A

‘What should you do decisions’ looking at the words of ethical statements and how we use them

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3
Q

What does meta means

A

reel for “above or after”

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4
Q

What doe we mean by descriptive ethical language

A

description of a situation. It gives facts and avoids moral judgement or bias

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5
Q

“most teenagers pregnancies are from girls who leave school without gcses” is a quote talking about what

A

Descriptive ethical language

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6
Q

What does normative ethics mean

A

makes value judgement be analysing what is right and wrong

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7
Q

What quote is linked to normative ethics

A

“war is always wrong”

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8
Q

What does meta ethics mean

A

ebfore we can decide what constitues good/bad behaviour we msut define terms such a good/bad etc

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9
Q

“what is meant by good” is linked to what

A

meta ethics

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10
Q

Which of these are bad
opinion - e.g. music
Performing well
something without moral worth
doing the right thing

A

something without moral worth

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11
Q

What’s Hume opinions on facts and values

A

that there is a difference between them both

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12
Q

According to Hume in the quote “a man killed his wife by stabbing her with a kitchen knife” what type of ethical language is the statement of

A

descriptive

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13
Q

In the Quote “a man killed his wife by stabbing her with a kitchen knife” Hume isnt condoning murder but what is he trying to illustrate

A

That we attach moral values to facts, based on our opinions

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14
Q

according to the is-ought gap what did he learn about the fact that we help with the famine in africa

A

just because there is a famine, why does this me we ought to help?

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15
Q

What is Hume is trying to ensure ethics follows

A

A strict system of logic and avoid slipping from descriptive or prescriptive

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16
Q

what does cognitive mean

A

Belief that moral truth exist and can be verified empirically

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17
Q

What are some cognative theories

A

Ethical naturalism
Intuitionism

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18
Q

What do cognitive believes moral concepts are. And how does that link to “Murder is wrong”

A

That they are real. They are also objective. So “murder is wrong” can be true or false

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19
Q

How can moral statements be verified

A

With empirical evidence

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20
Q

What does Non cognitive mean

A

the belief that moral truths are a matter of personal choice and do not exist independently from human experiences

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21
Q

What are some Non Cognitive theories

A

Emotivism
prescriptive

22
Q

What doe Non cognitivists moral concepts as. And how does that link to “murder is wrong”

A

“right” and “wrong” as subjective. and “murder is wrong” is expressing your opinion

23
Q

According to Non Cognitive what’s impossible

A

To verify whether an opinion is true or false

24
Q

A flexible approach to morality will lead to chaos means what to moral objective

A

Without moral objectivity what happens to the justice system

25
Q

What do ethical naturalism mean for moral truths

A

That there are moral truths and so moral laws exists

26
Q

How can ethical naturalism be experienced

A

They can be experienced and understood through analysis of the natural world and human nature

27
Q

if we link ethical naturalism to normative theories what does that mean for Utilitarianism

A

Murder is wrong… we can observe that it prevents pleasure/ happiness

28
Q

if we link ethical naturalism to normative theories what does that mean for natural law theory

A

Murder is wrong… prevents the natural fulfilment of the individual

29
Q

if we link ethical naturalism to normative theories what does that mean for Hume

A

truth lies in the beliefs human beings have about the natural world that they have gained through experience

30
Q

What does committing to naturalistic fallacy mean of ethical naturalism

A

That it now becomes an initial problem

31
Q

Just because nature is a certain way, it does not follow there ought to be moral demand mean for ethical naturalism

A

That it is an an internal problem

32
Q

What does morality = according to ethical naturalism

A

morality = what ought to be

33
Q

According to ethical naturalism what does Human nature =

A

what is

34
Q

According to ethical naturalism what’s the difference between theological and hedonistic naturalism

A

Theological - goodness is linked to gods as seen in nature. This is like how God defines morality.
hedonistic - Goodness is a fact to pleasure and happiness

35
Q

What RB Perry opinion

A

Follows the same as hedonistic naturalism due to P.B perry suggests good means ‘being on objective of favourable interest’ where ‘right’ means ‘being conductive to haronious happiness’. Perry believes ‘x is good’ means the same as ‘x is an object of desire’ ‘Y is right’ is the same as ‘Y is conductive to harmonious happiness’

36
Q

What does Bradley reject

A

hedonism due to how pleasure provides no final self-understanding

37
Q

Who and what ideas did Bradley oppose and what did Bradley conclude was a better approach

A

Kant and his ideas of duty for sake of duty as doesn’t guide us in morality or give human satisfaction. Bradley concluded a better approach was to pursue self-realisation within the community

38
Q

What quote did bradley say

A

“we have found the end, we have found self realisation, duty and happiness in one- yes we have found ourselves, when we have found our station and its duties, out function as an organ of social organism”

39
Q

According to Bradley how do we find out true selves

A

we find our true selves when we learn from family, community when we adopt the values of society and those of other societies when they offer criticism to ours.

40
Q

How does Bradley think wee should be a good person

A

We must know our stations and duties. This is so we can have a hard work and obedience

41
Q

Briefly explain Moore’s criticism that talks about mother Teresa

A

That ethical naturalism doesn’t allow for moral dispute. We can say that “mother Teresa was good” refers to how majority feel so cannot be proven wrong. We can have a change of opinion but it still correct as statement is expression of differing attitudes at particular time

42
Q

Expand on moores criticism of it being to simplistic

A

Morality is nuanced and ethical naturalism doesnt allow for change. Euthanasia under ethical naturalism would be wrong because of murder. People cant fit into boxes

43
Q

How would Moore claimed any attempt to define ethical language in naturalistic terms

A

Good = pleasure, happiness, desire, approval, virtue (etc) is a mistake. Theories that argue good life is identified with any natural poverty is guilty of naturalistic fallacy which assumes goodness is something which can be grasped by an act of direct observation

44
Q

How is supported by ethical evidence important to ethical naturalism

A

People like proof

45
Q

How does being absolute and objective help be a stregnth for ethical naturalism

A

Takes morality seriously. Supports an object justice system in which people are fairly punished

46
Q

How does promoting our duties help become a strength for ethical naturalism

A

you and we both have evidence why we should be doing them, not just for duty’s sake like Kant.
Bradley will lead people being useful members of society and this benefits everyone

47
Q

What does intuitionism mean

A

True or false that ethical propositions are true or false and are known by intuition

48
Q

Why is morality intuitive

A

We know (cognitive “fact”) what good is, without being able to define it

49
Q

What does intuition mean

A

to understand something instinctively without conscious reasoning

50
Q

In intuitionism who said “We know what yellow is and can recognise it whenever it is seen. But we cannot define yellow. In the same way we know what good is. But we cannot actual define it”

A

Moore

51
Q

In intuitionism what were Moores 2 ideas and what do they mean

A

Simple - cannot be broken down further (EG yellow)
Complex ideas - can be broken down

52
Q

What are moral terms according to intuitionism

A

They are simple. The word ‘good’ is indefinable and cant be analysed because it is simple and the concept cannot be broken down further.

Philosophy (4 decks)

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