Sex and Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Sperm production

A

high number, little energy store

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2
Q

Egg production

A

low number, large energy store

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3
Q

Where does r selection tend to occur?

A

in unstable environments where the species has not reached its reproductive capacity

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4
Q

Where does k selection tend to occur

A

in stable environments

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5
Q

Characteristics of r selected species

A

smaller
shorter generation time
reproduce earlier in their lifetime
often reproduce only once in their lifetime
mature more rapidly
limited parental care

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6
Q

Characteristics of k selected species

A

larger and live longer
mature more slowly
high level of parental care
produce relatively few, larger offspring
can reproduce many times in their lifetime

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7
Q

High female investment in

A

egg structure in non-mammals
in the uterus and during the gestation period in mammals

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8
Q

Internal fertilisation benefits?

A

fewer eggs needed, increased chance of successful fertilisation, offspring retained internally for protection/development;higher offspring survival rate

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9
Q

External fertilisation benefits?

A

very large number of offspring produced

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10
Q

Internal fertilisation cost?

A

a mate must be located which requires energy expenditure, requires direct transfer of gametes from one partner to another

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11
Q

External fertilisation cost?

A

many gametes predated or not fertilised, no or limited parental care, few offspring survive

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12
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Females are generally inconspicuous; males usually have more conspicuous markings, structures and behaviours

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13
Q

What are mating systems based on?

A

how many mates an individual has during one breeding season

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14
Q

Successful courtship behaviour in birds and fish can be a result of

A

species-specific sign stimuli and fixed action pattern responses

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15
Q

What happens in lekking species

A

males gather to display at a lek, where female choice occurs

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16
Q

What is monogamy?

A

the mating of a pair of animals to the exclusion of all others

17
Q

What Is polygamy?

A

individuals of one sex have more than one mate

18
Q

What is polygyny?

A

one male mates exclusively with a group of females

19
Q

What is polyandry?

A

one female mates with a number of males in the same breeding season

20
Q

What does female choice involve?

A

females assessing honest signals

21
Q

Honest signals indicate favourable

A

alleles that increase the chances of survival of offspring (fitness)

22
Q

Honest signals indicate a low

A

parasite burden suggesting a healthy individual

23
Q

Some species exhibit lekking behaviour where

A

dominant males occupy the centre of the lek, whereas subordinates and juveniles gather at the fringes as ‘satellite’ males

24
Q

What occurs during the lekking display

A

female choice