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Endo/Repro: Week 4 > Severson: Normal and Abnormal Reproductive Development > Flashcards

Severson: Normal and Abnormal Reproductive Development Flashcards

1
Q

origin of urogenital system

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

origin of urinary system

A

nephrogenic ridge

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3
Q

origin of genital system

A

Gonadal/genital ridge

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4
Q

determined at the time of fertilizatin

A

genetic sex

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5
Q

When does phenotypic/genital sex of embryo manifest?

A

7th week

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6
Q

what leads to the development of the testes?

A

SRY on Y chromosome produces TDF leading to the development of the testes

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7
Q

what determines phenotypic malenness?

A

testes

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8
Q

what’s required for development of female phenotype?

A

two X chromosomes

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9
Q

responsible for cortical cords differentiating into seminiferous tubules

A

testis-determining factor

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10
Q

produced by fetal testes> determines maleness

A

testosterone

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11
Q

47,XXY

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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12
Q

MC abnormality of sexual differentiation d/t nondisjunction of XX homologues

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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13
Q

infertility, gynecomastia and impaired sexual maturation

A

Klinfelter syndrome

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14
Q

45, XO

A

Turner Syndrome

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15
Q

Failure of gonads to develop and infantile genitalia d/t lack of PATERNAL sex chromosome

A

Turner syndrome

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16
Q

short stature, high arched palate, webbed neck, broad and shieled like chest, wide spaces and inverted nipples, absence of sexual maturation, lymphedema of hands and feet, cardiac and renal anomalies

A

Turner Syndrome

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17
Q

46, XX

A

DSD- Ovotesticular disorder (true hermaphrodites)

Possess both testicular and ovarian tissue

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18
Q

migrate from the UMBILICAL VESICLE into the GENITAL RIDGE during early indifferent stage of sexual development

A

gametes

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19
Q

enter the GENITAL RIDGE during the latter part of the 5th week of development

A

primordial germ cells

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20
Q

Gives rise to gonads

A

caudal part of genital ridge

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21
Q

What do the developing gonads consist of?

A

mesothelium (coelomic), underlying mesenchyme and primordial germ cells

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22
Q

Migrates into the cortical cords

A

Primordial germ cells

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23
Q

M vs. F migration of germ cells into cortical cords

A

M> forms seminiferous tubules

F> cords break apart> form follicular cells that surround germ cells

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24
Q

these cells originiate in the UMBILICAL VESICLE then migrate along the dorasal mesentery of hte hindgut to the GENITAL RIDGE undergoing MITOSIS while they migrate

A

primordial germ cells

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25
Q

precursors of sertoli cells (mesothelium)

A

Cells of cortical cords

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26
Q

forms the seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti and rete testis

A

cortical cords

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27
Q

becomes the efferent ductules

A

mesonephric duct

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28
Q

what part of the mesonephric duct becomes the epidiymis

A

distal portion

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29
Q

these cells develop from MESENCHYME and synthesize androgenic hormones that are necessary for the differentiation of the male sexual duct system and external genitalia

A

Leydig cells

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30
Q

stimulates leydig cells to produce androgenic hormones

A

hCG

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31
Q

when do leydig cells reappear?

A

puberty

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32
Q

produces anti-mullerian hormone when stimulated by hCG

A

sertoli cells

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33
Q

suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts

A

anti-mullerian hormones

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34
Q

stimulates oogonia to enter PROPHASE I of meisosis and become primary oocytes

A

Meiosis stimulating factor

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35
Q

indifferent sexual duct system

A

mesonephric (wolffian) duct

paramesonephric (mullerian) duct

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36
Q

ureterovaginal primordium

A

caudal ends of the PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS fuse and terminae on the urogenital sinus between the ends of the mesonephric ducts forming the ureterovaginal primordium

37
Q

AMH (from sertoli cells) causes mullerian ducts to degenerate leaving…

A

prostatic utricle and appendicx of the testis

38
Q

Causes the mesonephric ducts to become the epididymis, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct

A

Testosterone from leydig cells

39
Q

develop as an outgrowth of the ductus deferens

A

seminal vesicles

40
Q

What becomes the ejactulatory duct?

A

part of mesonephric duct between the duct of hte seminal vesicle and urethra

41
Q

epithelial outgrowth of the PELVIC PORTION OF HTE UROGENITAL SINUS into surrounding mesenchyme

A

prostate gland

mesenchyme forms stroma and SM of gland

42
Q

develops as an epithelial outgrowth of the SPONGY URETHRA

A

bulbourethral glands

43
Q

origin of spongy urethra

A

phallic portion of urogenital sinus

44
Q

What happens to sexual ducts if ovaries are present or gonads are absent?

A

differentiate into female phenotype

45
Q

What allows for the development of the uterine tubes and uterus

A

absence of AMH which allows paramesonephric ducts to develop into lady parts

46
Q

What forms the uterovaginal primordium?

A

paramesonephric ducts pass cuadally in pelvic region approach each other and fuse

47
Q

produced from the uterovaginal primordium projecting into the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus

A

sinus tubercle

48
Q

develops from cephalic, unfused portion of paramesonephric ducts

A

uterine (fallopian) tubes

49
Q

develops from the caudal FUSED portion of paramesonephric ducts

A

uterus

50
Q

origin of upper 1/3 of vagina

A

paramesonephric ducts (uterovaginal primordium)

51
Q

origin of lower 2/3 of vagina

A

vaginal plate derived from the urogenital sinus

52
Q

Why do mesonephric ducts regress in a female?

A

lack of testosterone

53
Q

gartner’s duct

A

part of mesonephric duct vound outside uterus and vagina that didn’t regress

54
Q

Third MC cause of primary amenorrhea

A

Paramesonephric duct agenesis d/t genetic mutation

55
Q

Complete/partial absence of uterine tubes/uterus/cervix/vagina
Normal development of secondary sex characteristics
Intact ovaries and ovulation
normal ovarian cycle w/out mentral cycle

A

paramesonephric duct agenesis

56
Q

double uterus/double vagina

A

paramesonephric ducts fail to fuse and each develops as a separate uterus

57
Q

double uterus and single vaggina

A

only distal end of paramesonephric ducts fuse

58
Q

bicornate uterus

A

defective fusion of paramesonephric ducts

59
Q

uterine septum

A

incomplete resorption of tissue in the developing uterus

60
Q

unicornuate uterus

A

only ONE paramesonephric duct develops

61
Q

failure of uterovaginal primordium to form and to induce formation of the sinus tubercle

A

absence of uterus/vagina

62
Q

extends from the caudal pole of the testes to the labioscrotal fold

A

gubernaculum

63
Q

What influences the descent of hte testes through the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum

A

androgens

64
Q

becomes the tunia vaginalis

A

process vaginalis

65
Q

gubernaculum in the female becomes:

A

ligament of the ovary

round ligament of the tuerus

66
Q

Cryptochordisim

A

undescended testes
higher rate in premature males

> sterility and higher incidence of cancer if in abdominal cavity

67
Q

Ectopic testis

A

d/t migration of testes to some other site b/c of abnormal location of gubernaculum

68
Q

Congenital inguinal herina

A

peritoneal canal fails to close (persistent vaginal process)

69
Q

Accumulation of fluid in remains of process vaginalis

A

hydrocele

70
Q

Becomes the phallus

A

genital tubercle at cranial end of cloacal membrane

71
Q

Where are the labioscrotal swellings and urogenital folds located?

A

on each side of cloacal membrane

72
Q

Divides cloacal membrane into a dorsal anal membrane and a ventral urogenital membrane

A

Urorectal septum

73
Q

STimulates phallus to enlarge and elongate to form the penis

A

testosterone

74
Q

urogenital folds fuse to form the…

A

spongy urethra

75
Q

forms the penile raphe…

A

line of fusion of the surface ectoderm on the ventral surface

76
Q

grows in from the glans and connects w/ the spongy urethra

A

ectodermal cord

77
Q

origin of copora cavernosa penis and corpus spongiosum penis

A

mesenchyme of phallus

78
Q

What forms the scrotum?

A

labioscrotal swellings–line of fusion is the scrotal raphe

79
Q

reduced masculine development of genitalia d/t genetic defect leading to an inadequate amt of TESTOSTERONE or MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE

A 
male pseudohermaphrodite (DSD) 
46, XY
80
Q

Urethra opens on the VENTRAL surface of the penis rather than at the end of the glans d/t failure in fusion of hte UROGENITAL FOLDS or the ECTODERMAL CORD to join the spongy urethra

A

Hypospadias (DSD)

*often d/t inadquate androgen production

81
Q

Urethra opens on the DORSAL surface of the penis

A

Epispadias

82
Q

What is epispadias associated with?

A

exstrophy of the bladder

83
Q

Becomes hte clitoris

A

phallus

84
Q

form the labia majora

A

urogenital folds

85
Q

space between the urogenital volds

A

vestibule of hte vagina

86
Q

forms the labia majora

A

labioscrotal swellings fuse posteriorly to form the posterior labial comissure and anteirorly to form the anterior labial commissure and mons pubis

87
Q

female internal organs but external genitalia is masculine d/t CAH of the fetal suprarenal gland producing excessive androgenic hormones and masculinization of the external genitalia

A

female pseudohermaphrodite

46,XX

88
Q

Normal female external phenotype but has internal testes d/t POINT mutation in the sequence that codes for an androgen receptor

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

46, XY

Endo/Repro: Week 4 (14 decks)

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