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Endo/Repro: Week 4 > Severson: Normal and Abnormal Reproductive Development > Flashcards

Severson: Normal and Abnormal Reproductive Development Flashcards

1
Q

origin of urogenital system

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

origin of urinary system

A

nephrogenic ridge

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3
Q

origin of genital system

A

Gonadal/genital ridge

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4
Q

determined at the time of fertilizatin

A

genetic sex

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5
Q

When does phenotypic/genital sex of embryo manifest?

A

7th week

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6
Q

what leads to the development of the testes?

A

SRY on Y chromosome produces TDF leading to the development of the testes

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7
Q

what determines phenotypic malenness?

A

testes

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8
Q

what’s required for development of female phenotype?

A

two X chromosomes

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9
Q

responsible for cortical cords differentiating into seminiferous tubules

A

testis-determining factor

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10
Q

produced by fetal testes> determines maleness

A

testosterone

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11
Q

47,XXY

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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12
Q

MC abnormality of sexual differentiation d/t nondisjunction of XX homologues

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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13
Q

infertility, gynecomastia and impaired sexual maturation

A

Klinfelter syndrome

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14
Q

45, XO

A

Turner Syndrome

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15
Q

Failure of gonads to develop and infantile genitalia d/t lack of PATERNAL sex chromosome

A

Turner syndrome

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16
Q

short stature, high arched palate, webbed neck, broad and shieled like chest, wide spaces and inverted nipples, absence of sexual maturation, lymphedema of hands and feet, cardiac and renal anomalies

A

Turner Syndrome

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17
Q

46, XX

A

DSD- Ovotesticular disorder (true hermaphrodites)

Possess both testicular and ovarian tissue

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18
Q

migrate from the UMBILICAL VESICLE into the GENITAL RIDGE during early indifferent stage of sexual development

A

gametes

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19
Q

enter the GENITAL RIDGE during the latter part of the 5th week of development

A

primordial germ cells

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20
Q

Gives rise to gonads

A

caudal part of genital ridge

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21
Q

What do the developing gonads consist of?

A

mesothelium (coelomic), underlying mesenchyme and primordial germ cells

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22
Q

Migrates into the cortical cords

A

Primordial germ cells

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23
Q

M vs. F migration of germ cells into cortical cords

A

M> forms seminiferous tubules

F> cords break apart> form follicular cells that surround germ cells

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24
Q

these cells originiate in the UMBILICAL VESICLE then migrate along the dorasal mesentery of hte hindgut to the GENITAL RIDGE undergoing MITOSIS while they migrate

A

primordial germ cells

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25
precursors of sertoli cells (mesothelium)
Cells of cortical cords
26
forms the seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti and rete testis
cortical cords
27
becomes the efferent ductules
mesonephric duct
28
what part of the mesonephric duct becomes the epidiymis
distal portion
29
these cells develop from MESENCHYME and synthesize androgenic hormones that are necessary for the differentiation of the male sexual duct system and external genitalia
Leydig cells
30
stimulates leydig cells to produce androgenic hormones
hCG
31
when do leydig cells reappear?
puberty
32
produces anti-mullerian hormone when stimulated by hCG
sertoli cells
33
suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts
anti-mullerian hormones
34
stimulates oogonia to enter PROPHASE I of meisosis and become primary oocytes
Meiosis stimulating factor
35
indifferent sexual duct system
mesonephric (wolffian) duct | paramesonephric (mullerian) duct
36
ureterovaginal primordium
caudal ends of the PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS fuse and terminae on the urogenital sinus between the ends of the mesonephric ducts forming the ureterovaginal primordium
37
AMH (from sertoli cells) causes mullerian ducts to degenerate leaving...
prostatic utricle and appendicx of the testis
38
Causes the mesonephric ducts to become the epididymis, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct
Testosterone from leydig cells
39
develop as an outgrowth of the ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
40
What becomes the ejactulatory duct?
part of mesonephric duct between the duct of hte seminal vesicle and urethra
41
epithelial outgrowth of the PELVIC PORTION OF HTE UROGENITAL SINUS into surrounding mesenchyme
prostate gland mesenchyme forms stroma and SM of gland
42
develops as an epithelial outgrowth of the SPONGY URETHRA
bulbourethral glands
43
origin of spongy urethra
phallic portion of urogenital sinus
44
What happens to sexual ducts if ovaries are present or gonads are absent?
differentiate into female phenotype
45
What allows for the development of the uterine tubes and uterus
absence of AMH which allows paramesonephric ducts to develop into lady parts
46
What forms the uterovaginal primordium?
paramesonephric ducts pass cuadally in pelvic region approach each other and fuse
47
produced from the uterovaginal primordium projecting into the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus
sinus tubercle
48
develops from cephalic, unfused portion of paramesonephric ducts
uterine (fallopian) tubes
49
develops from the caudal FUSED portion of paramesonephric ducts
uterus
50
origin of upper 1/3 of vagina
paramesonephric ducts (uterovaginal primordium)
51
origin of lower 2/3 of vagina
vaginal plate derived from the urogenital sinus
52
Why do mesonephric ducts regress in a female?
lack of testosterone
53
gartner's duct
part of mesonephric duct vound outside uterus and vagina that didn't regress
54
Third MC cause of primary amenorrhea
Paramesonephric duct agenesis d/t genetic mutation
55
Complete/partial absence of uterine tubes/uterus/cervix/vagina Normal development of secondary sex characteristics Intact ovaries and ovulation normal ovarian cycle w/out mentral cycle
paramesonephric duct agenesis
56
double uterus/double vagina
paramesonephric ducts fail to fuse and each develops as a separate uterus
57
double uterus and single vaggina
only distal end of paramesonephric ducts fuse
58
bicornate uterus
defective fusion of paramesonephric ducts
59
uterine septum
incomplete resorption of tissue in the developing uterus
60
unicornuate uterus
only ONE paramesonephric duct develops
61
failure of uterovaginal primordium to form and to induce formation of the sinus tubercle
absence of uterus/vagina
62
extends from the caudal pole of the testes to the labioscrotal fold
gubernaculum
63
What influences the descent of hte testes through the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum
androgens
64
becomes the tunia vaginalis
process vaginalis
65
gubernaculum in the female becomes:
ligament of the ovary | round ligament of the tuerus
66
Cryptochordisim
undescended testes higher rate in premature males > sterility and higher incidence of cancer if in abdominal cavity
67
Ectopic testis
d/t migration of testes to some other site b/c of abnormal location of gubernaculum
68
Congenital inguinal herina
peritoneal canal fails to close (persistent vaginal process)
69
Accumulation of fluid in remains of process vaginalis
hydrocele
70
Becomes the phallus
genital tubercle at cranial end of cloacal membrane
71
Where are the labioscrotal swellings and urogenital folds located?
on each side of cloacal membrane
72
Divides cloacal membrane into a dorsal anal membrane and a ventral urogenital membrane
Urorectal septum
73
STimulates phallus to enlarge and elongate to form the penis
testosterone
74
urogenital folds fuse to form the...
spongy urethra
75
forms the penile raphe...
line of fusion of the surface ectoderm on the ventral surface
76
grows in from the glans and connects w/ the spongy urethra
ectodermal cord
77
origin of copora cavernosa penis and corpus spongiosum penis
mesenchyme of phallus
78
What forms the scrotum?
labioscrotal swellings--line of fusion is the scrotal raphe
79
reduced masculine development of genitalia d/t genetic defect leading to an inadequate amt of TESTOSTERONE or MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE
``` male pseudohermaphrodite (DSD) 46, XY ```
80
Urethra opens on the VENTRAL surface of the penis rather than at the end of the glans d/t failure in fusion of hte UROGENITAL FOLDS or the ECTODERMAL CORD to join the spongy urethra
Hypospadias (DSD) *often d/t inadquate androgen production
81
Urethra opens on the DORSAL surface of the penis
Epispadias
82
What is epispadias associated with?
exstrophy of the bladder
83
Becomes hte clitoris
phallus
84
form the labia majora
urogenital folds
85
space between the urogenital volds
vestibule of hte vagina
86
forms the labia majora
labioscrotal swellings fuse posteriorly to form the posterior labial comissure and anteirorly to form the anterior labial commissure and mons pubis
87
female internal organs but external genitalia is masculine d/t CAH of the fetal suprarenal gland producing excessive androgenic hormones and masculinization of the external genitalia
female pseudohermaphrodite | 46,XX
88
Normal female external phenotype but has internal testes d/t POINT mutation in the sequence that codes for an androgen receptor
Androgen insensitivity syndrome | 46, XY

Endo/Repro: Week 4 (14 decks)

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