Session 6-Hip Anatomy And Arthritis Flashcards
Which three bones join together to create the acetabulum?
1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis
What are the three thickenings of the capsule of the hip joint and what do they do?
1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral
Increase stability of hip joint
What are the six planes of movement of the hip?
1) extension
2) flexion
3) abduction
4) adduction
5) external rotation
6) internal rotation
What are the primary hip flexors?
1) psoas major
2) iliacus
What is the name given to psoas major and iliacus together?
Iliopsoas
What are the assisting hip flexors? (4)
1) pectineus
2) rectus femoris
3) sartorius
4) tensor fascia latae
What are the hip extensors? (4)
1) gluteus maximus
2) hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
What is the most medial hamstring muscle?
Semimembranous
What is the most lateral hamstring muscle?
Biceps femoris
What are the hip abductors? (2)
1) gluteus medius
2) gluteus minimus
What are the hip adductors? (5)
1) pectineus
2) adductor brevis
3) adductor longus
4) adductor magnus
5) gracilis
Which hip adductor muscle is posteriorly located?
Gracilis
Which muscles are responsible for medial (internal) rotation of the hip?
1) gluteus medius
2) gluteus minimus
What are the assisting internal rotators of the hip?
1) semimembranous
2) semitendinosus
3) tensor fascia latae
4) hip adductor (gracilis, pectineus, adductors brevis, longus and magnus)
What are the external rotators of the hip?
1) gemelli superior
2) gemelli inferior
3) quadratus femoris
4) obturator internus
5) piriformis
Which side of the body do you use a stick on when your hip is hurt?
Opposite side to hurt leg
True or false: osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease
TRUE
What are the causes of secondary osteoarthritis? (6)
1) trauma
2) previous joint disorders: developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH)
3) infection
4) inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis)
5) metabolic (gout)
6) haematologic (haemophilia)
True or false: osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disease
FALSE - non-inflammatory
What are risk factors of arthritis?
- obesity
- past injury in joint
- occupational factors
- genetics
What are the signs and symptoms of arthritis?
- joint pain
- crepitis (grinding)
- joint deformity
- osteophytes
- joint stiffness
What is the difference between a healthy hip and an osteoarthritic hip?
Healthy - bone covered with shiny, white cartilage which acts as a cushion so the joint functions without pain
Diseased - wear and tear leads to bone-on-bone contact, soreness and swelling
What are the four cardinal signs on an X-ray for osteoarthritis?
1) Subchondrial sclerosis (denser area of bone below cartilage)
2) Osteophytes
3) Narrowing of joint space
4) Subchondrial cysts
(SONS)
True or false: osteoarthritis may cause functional loss and affect daily activities
TRUE
How does osteoarthritis affect articular cartilage?
- increased tissue swelling
- change in colour
- cartilage fibrillation
- cartilage erosion down to subchondral bone
What are the functions of the three main extra capsular ligaments of the hip joint?
1) iliofemoral ligament - prevents hyperextension of hip joint
2) pubofemoral ligament - prevents extension
3) ischiofemoral ligament - prevents extension
