Session 6-Hip Anatomy And Arthritis

Question 1

Which three bones join together to create the acetabulum?

Answer 1

1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis

Question 2

What are the three thickenings of the capsule of the hip joint and what do they do?

Answer 2

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

Increase stability of hip joint

Question 3

What are the six planes of movement of the hip?

Answer 3

1) extension
2) flexion
3) abduction
4) adduction
5) external rotation
6) internal rotation

Question 4

What are the primary hip flexors?

Answer 4

1) psoas major

2) iliacus

Question 5

What is the name given to psoas major and iliacus together?

Answer 5

Iliopsoas

Question 6

What are the assisting hip flexors? (4)

Answer 6

1) pectineus
2) rectus femoris
3) sartorius
4) tensor fascia latae

Question 7

What are the hip extensors? (4)

Answer 7

1) gluteus maximus

2) hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 8

What is the most medial hamstring muscle?

Answer 8

Semimembranous

Question 9

What is the most lateral hamstring muscle?

Answer 9

Biceps femoris

Question 10

What are the hip abductors? (2)

Answer 10

1) gluteus medius

2) gluteus minimus

Question 11

What are the hip adductors? (5)

Answer 11

1) pectineus
2) adductor brevis
3) adductor longus
4) adductor magnus
5) gracilis

Question 12

Which hip adductor muscle is posteriorly located?

Answer 12

Gracilis

Question 13

Which muscles are responsible for medial (internal) rotation of the hip?

Answer 13

1) gluteus medius

2) gluteus minimus

Question 14

What are the assisting internal rotators of the hip?

Answer 14

1) semimembranous
2) semitendinosus
3) tensor fascia latae
4) hip adductor (gracilis, pectineus, adductors brevis, longus and magnus)

Question 15

What are the external rotators of the hip?

Answer 15

1) gemelli superior
2) gemelli inferior
3) quadratus femoris
4) obturator internus
5) piriformis

Question 16

Which side of the body do you use a stick on when your hip is hurt?

Answer 16

Opposite side to hurt leg

Question 17

True or false: osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

What are the causes of secondary osteoarthritis? (6)

Answer 18

1) trauma
2) previous joint disorders: developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH)
3) infection
4) inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis)
5) metabolic (gout)
6) haematologic (haemophilia)

Question 19

True or false: osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disease

Answer 19

FALSE - non-inflammatory

Question 20

What are risk factors of arthritis?

Answer 20

• obesity
• past injury in joint
• occupational factors
• genetics

Question 21

What are the signs and symptoms of arthritis?

Answer 21

• joint pain
• crepitis (grinding)
• joint deformity
• osteophytes
• joint stiffness

Question 22

What is the difference between a healthy hip and an osteoarthritic hip?

Answer 22

Healthy - bone covered with shiny, white cartilage which acts as a cushion so the joint functions without pain

Diseased - wear and tear leads to bone-on-bone contact, soreness and swelling

Question 23

What are the four cardinal signs on an X-ray for osteoarthritis?

Answer 23

1) Subchondrial sclerosis (denser area of bone below cartilage)
2) Osteophytes
3) Narrowing of joint space
4) Subchondrial cysts

(SONS)

Question 24

True or false: osteoarthritis may cause functional loss and affect daily activities

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

How does osteoarthritis affect articular cartilage?

Answer 25

• increased tissue swelling
• change in colour
• cartilage fibrillation
• cartilage erosion down to subchondral bone

Question 26

What are the functions of the three main extra capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 26

1) iliofemoral ligament - prevents hyperextension of hip joint
2) pubofemoral ligament - prevents extension
3) ischiofemoral ligament - prevents extension