Session 3-Arm And Forearm Flashcards
Name the three joints that make up the elbow joint
1) ulno-humeral joint
2) radio-humeral joint
3) upper radioulnar joint
What type of joint is the ulno-humeral joint?
Hinge joint
What type of joint is the radio-humeral joint?
Ball and socket joint
What type of joint is the upper radioulnar joint?
Trochoid
True or false: Synovial hinge joint is not a straight joint
TRUE
What happens to the carrying angle in cubitus varus?
Carrying angle < normal
Is cubitus varus a cosmetic or functional problem?
Cosmetic
What happens to the carrying angle in cubitus valgus?
Carrying angle > normal
Is cubitus valgus a cosmetic or functional problem?
Functional problem (the nerve posterior to the medial epicondyle and ulnar nerve can stretch)
What are the three ligaments of the elbow?
1) medial collateral ligament
2) lateral collateral ligament
3) annular ligament
Which structures contribute to the stability of the elbow? (3)
1) capsule
2) ligaments
3) muscles
Complete the sentences:
When there is effusion in a joint, bleeding is contained by the _________ membrane. As fluid fills in the membrane, the fat pad is lifted from the bone, resulting in ____ ____ ______.
Synovial
Fat pad sign
Which movements is the ulno-humeral joint responsible for?
Flexion-extension
Which movements is the upper radioulnar joint responsible for?
Pronation-supination
True or false: the radius moves around the ulnar to allow pronation/supination
TRUE
Why is pronation/supination not as important as flexion/extension?
Shoulder can compensate for pronation/supination
What is the degree of movement of flexion-extension?
-5 degrees to 140 degrees
What prevents hyperextension?
Olecranon
Name the flexor muscles (4)
1) Biceps brachii, long head
2) Biceps brachii, short head
3) Brachialis
4) Brachioradialis
True or false: brachioradialis can only flex in the neutral position (no pronation/supination)
TRUE
Name the extensor muscles of the arm and forearm (4)
1) Triceps brachii, long head
2) Triceps brachii, lateral head
3) Triceps brachii, medial head
4) Anconeus
Which nerve innervates the brachialis muscle?
Musculocutaneous (C5-C6)
Which nerve innervates the brachioradialis muscle?
Radial nerve (C5-C6)
Which nerve innervates the brachial bicep muscle?
Musculocutaneous (C5-C6)
Which nerve innervates the triceps muscle?
Radial nerve (C7-C8)
Which nerve innervates the anconeus muscle?
Radial nerve (C7-C8)
Which muscles are responsible for pronation? (2)
1) Pronator teres
2) Pronator quadratus
Which muscles are responsible for supination? (2)
1) supinator brevis
2) brachial biceps
Which nerve innervates supinator brevis?
Radial nerve (C5-C6)
Which nerve innervates brachial biceps?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
Which nerve innervates pronator teres?
Median nerve (C6-C7)
Which nerve innervates pronator quadratus?
Interosseus palmaris nerve (part of median nerve from C8-T1)
True or false: the median nerve innervates the five muscles originating from the medial epicondyle
TRUE
Which muscles originate from the medial epicondyle? (5)
1) pronator teres
2) flexor carpi radialis
3) flexor carpi ulnaris
4) flexor digitorum superficialis
5) palmaris longus
Which nerve can get trapped behind the medial epicondyle?
Ulnar nerve
Which nerve supplies all the extensor muscles in the arm and forearm?
Radial nerve
Which nerve is damaged in a humeral fracture?
Radial nerve - all muscles innervated by this nerve lose function
What are the deep flexor muscles? (3)
1) flexor digitorum profundus
2) flexor pollicis longus
3) pronator quadratus
Name the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers (4)
1) extensor carpi radialis longus
2) extensor carpi radialis brevis
3) extensor carpi ulnaris
4) extensor digitorum communis
Name the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers (5)
1) flexor carpi radialis
2) flexor carpi ulnaris
3) palmaris longus
4) superficial flexor digitorum
5) flexor pollicis longus
Which nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers?
Radial nerve
Which nerve innervates all the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers, except for flexor carpi ulnaris?
Median nerve (flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by ulnar nerve)
What is compartment syndrome?
When there is a fracture in fascial compartments, it leads to bleeding in these compartments and the arteries collapse. This increases the pressure and the blood supply to the muscle is cut off so the muscle undergoes necrosis
What is an olecranon bursa?
Sac fills with fluid when it becomes inflamed
Which mnemonic is used to remember the carpal bones?
She Looks Too Pretty
Try To Catch Her
Name the carpal bones (8)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
What makes up the three borders of the cubital fossa?
Lateral border-brachioradialis muscle
Medial border-pronator teres muscle
Superior border-imaginary line between epicondyles of humerus
Which tendon runs through the cubital fossa?
Biceps tendon
Which artery runs through the cubital fossa and what does it bifurcate into at the apex?
Brachial artery
Into radial and ulnar arteries
Which nerve runs through the cubital fossa?
Median nerve
