Session 3-Common Wrist&Elbow Problems Flashcards
What does FOOSH stand for?
Fall onto out-stretched hand
True or false: elbow dislocation is the most common dislocation
FALSE - shoulder dislocation is most common, elbow is 2nd most common
What are the symptoms of elbow dislocation? (3)
Pain
Deformity
Loss of function
In which age group do elbow dislocations most commonly occur?
Children and young adults
What can lead to a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus?
FOOSH
In which age group are supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus most common?
5-7 years
What are the symptoms of a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus? (4)
Pain
Marked swelling
Bruising
No function
What is the commonest elbow fracture?
Radial head/neck fractures
What are the symptoms of radial head/neck fractures?
Lateral pain
Modest swelling
Loss of range
What is a pulled elbow?
Subluxation (partial displacement) or dislocation (complete separation) of articulating surface of bones forming proximal radio-ulnar joint
What are the symptoms of subluxation of the radial head?
Reduced movements
Lateral pain
‘Not using it’
What is elbow osteoarthritis?
Degenerative disease of articular cartilage
True or false: elbow osteoarthritis is common in manual workers
TRUE
What is elbow rheumatoid arthritis?
Systemic autoimmune disease
What are other terms for lateral elbow tendinopathy?
Tennis elbow
Lateral epicondylitis
True or false: lateral elbow tendinopathy is the commonest cause of elbow pain
TRUE
What are other terms for medial elbow tendinopathy?
Medial epicondylitis
Golfer’s elbow
True or false: medial elbow tendinopathy has a common extensor origin
FALSE - common flexor origin
What is the commonest extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid nodules
What is olecranon bursitis?
Inflammation of bursa due to trauma or friction
What is another term for olecranon bursitis?
Student’s elbow
What is gouty tophi?
Disorder of nucleic acid metabolism, leading to hyperuricaemia - deposition of urate crystals
What are the symptoms of fractures of the distal radius/ulna? (3)
Pain
Swelling
‘Dinner fork’ deformity
What is Colles’ fracture?
Dorsal displacement and angulation, shortening
Which condition leads to increased risk of Colles’ fracture?
Type I osteoporosis
What is Smith’s fracture?
Palmar displacement and angulation, shortening
Which is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
What is a symptom of a scaphoid fracture?
Tenderness in ‘anatomical snuff box’
True or false: scaphoid fracture is easy to see on initial x-rays
FALSE - hard to see
True or false: there is risk of arthritis with a scaphoid fracture
TRUE
What is another term for ulnar nerve neuropathy?
Cubital tunnel syndrome
What are the symptoms of ulnar nerve neuropathy? (3)
Paraesthesiae
Numbness
Weakness
