Session 3-Common Wrist&Elbow Problems

Question 1

What does FOOSH stand for?

Answer 1

Fall onto out-stretched hand

Question 2

True or false: elbow dislocation is the most common dislocation

Answer 2

FALSE - shoulder dislocation is most common, elbow is 2nd most common

Question 3

What are the symptoms of elbow dislocation? (3)

Answer 3

Pain
Deformity
Loss of function

Question 4

In which age group do elbow dislocations most commonly occur?

Answer 4

Children and young adults

Question 5

What can lead to a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus?

Answer 5

FOOSH

Question 6

In which age group are supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus most common?

Answer 6

5-7 years

Question 7

What are the symptoms of a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus? (4)

Answer 7

Pain
Marked swelling
Bruising
No function

Question 8

What is the commonest elbow fracture?

Answer 8

Radial head/neck fractures

Question 9

What are the symptoms of radial head/neck fractures?

Answer 9

Lateral pain
Modest swelling
Loss of range

Question 10

What is a pulled elbow?

Answer 10

Subluxation (partial displacement) or dislocation (complete separation) of articulating surface of bones forming proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 11

What are the symptoms of subluxation of the radial head?

Answer 11

Reduced movements
Lateral pain
‘Not using it’

Question 12

What is elbow osteoarthritis?

Answer 12

Degenerative disease of articular cartilage

Question 13

True or false: elbow osteoarthritis is common in manual workers

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What is elbow rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 14

Systemic autoimmune disease

Question 15

What are other terms for lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Answer 15

Tennis elbow

Lateral epicondylitis

Question 16

True or false: lateral elbow tendinopathy is the commonest cause of elbow pain

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

What are other terms for medial elbow tendinopathy?

Answer 17

Medial epicondylitis

Golfer’s elbow

Question 18

True or false: medial elbow tendinopathy has a common extensor origin

Answer 18

FALSE - common flexor origin

Question 19

What is the commonest extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 19

Rheumatoid nodules

Question 20

What is olecranon bursitis?

Answer 20

Inflammation of bursa due to trauma or friction

Question 21

What is another term for olecranon bursitis?

Answer 21

Student’s elbow

Question 22

What is gouty tophi?

Answer 22

Disorder of nucleic acid metabolism, leading to hyperuricaemia - deposition of urate crystals

Question 23

What are the symptoms of fractures of the distal radius/ulna? (3)

Answer 23

Pain
Swelling
‘Dinner fork’ deformity

Question 24

What is Colles’ fracture?

Answer 24

Dorsal displacement and angulation, shortening

Question 25

Which condition leads to increased risk of Colles’ fracture?

Answer 25

Type I osteoporosis

Question 26

What is Smith’s fracture?

Answer 26

Palmar displacement and angulation, shortening

Question 27

Which is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?

Answer 27

Scaphoid

Question 28

What is a symptom of a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 28

Tenderness in ‘anatomical snuff box’

Question 29

True or false: scaphoid fracture is easy to see on initial x-rays

Answer 29

FALSE - hard to see

Question 30

True or false: there is risk of arthritis with a scaphoid fracture

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

What is another term for ulnar nerve neuropathy?

Answer 31

Cubital tunnel syndrome

Question 32

What are the symptoms of ulnar nerve neuropathy? (3)

Answer 32

Paraesthesiae
Numbness
Weakness