Session 5-Anterior Thigh And Knee Flashcards
Which muscles make up the quadriceps muscle? (4)
1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus lateralis
3) Vastus medialis
4) Vastus intermedius
What are the adductor muscles of the upper limb? (4)
1) Pectineus
2) Adductor Longus
3) Adductor Brevis
4) Gracilis
Which mnemonic is used to remember the structures within the femoral triangle?
Nerve (femoral) Artery (femoral) Vein (femoral) Empty space Lymphatics
What makes up the superior border/base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
What makes up the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
What makes up the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius
Which structures does the femoral canal contain?
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph node
Empty space
Loose connective tissue
What is the function of the femoral canal?
Empty space allows distension of adjacent femoral vein so can cope with increased venous return or increased intra-abdominal pressure
Which structures does the femoral sheath enclose?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
What is the deep fascia of the thigh called?
Fascia lata
What are the actions of the quadriceps muscles?
Vastus muscles extend the knee joint
Rectus femoris extends the knee joint and flexes the leg at hip joint
The distal segment of vastus medialis sends some fibres horizontally to insert onto the patella. What is function of these fibres?
The patella has a tendency to move laterally and these fibres contract and pull the patella back medially
What is the main artery of the lower limb?
Femoral artery
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
When it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle
Complete the sentences:
In the femoral triangle, the __________ femoris artery arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery. It travels ____________ and ____________, giving off three main branches: ________________ branches, lateral femoral _____________ artery and __________ femoral ______________ artery.
Profunda Posteriorly Dismally Perforating Circumflex Medial Circumflex
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial hinge joint
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid
What are the two articulations of the knee joint?
Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral
What are menisci of the knee?
Fibrocartilage structures in the knee
What are the two main functions of the menisci?
1) deepen articular surface of tibia, increases stability of joint
2) act as shock absorbers
Where does the medial meniscus attach?
Intercondylar area of tibia and medial collateral ligament and joint capsule
Which four bursae are found in the knee joint?
1) suprapatella bursa
2) prepatella bursa
3) infrapatella bursa
4) semimembranous bursa
What are the main ligaments in the knee joint? (5)
1) patellar ligament
2) medial (tibial) collateral ligament
3) lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
4) anterior cruciate ligament
5) posterior cruciate ligament
What is the function of the collateral ligaments?
Stabilise hinge motion of knee, preventing any medial or lateral movement
What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?
Anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur
What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?
Posterior dislocation of tibia onto femur
What are the four main movements that the knee joint permits?
1) extension
2) flexion
3) lateral rotation
4) medial rotation
Which muscle produces extension of the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris
Which muscles produce flexion of the knee joint? (4)
Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
Which muscle produces lateral rotation of the knee joint?
Biceps femoris
Which muscles produce medial rotation of the knee joint?
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus
