Session 4-Bones And Joints Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton? (5)
1) Support
2) Protection
3) Movement
4) Mineral and growth factor storage
5) Haematopoesis
Bone is the primary site of storage for which growth factor?
Insulin-like growth factor
True or false: long bone is primarily compact bone but may have spongy bone at extremities
TRUE
What is the articular cartilage of long bone covered in?
Hyaline
Why is the medullary cavity of long bone red in children?
Haematopoesis is occurring
Give an example of a long bone
Femur
How do muscles act on long bone?
As rigid levers
Give an example of sesamoid bone
Patella
What are sesamoid bones embedded within?
Tendon or muscle
Give examples of short bones
Carpal and tarsal bones
What do short, flat and sesamoid bones consist of?
Spongy bone in between thin layer of compact bone
True or false: short, flat and sesamoid bones contain bone marrow between the trabeculae of compact bone
FALSE - between spongy bone
How does the nutrient artery enter the diaphysis of bone?
Via nutrient foramen
What do periosteal arteries supply?
Periosteum and outer third of cortex
Where do metaphyseal arteries enter the metaphysis?
At site of attachment of capsule
What is avascular necrosis?
Death of bone due to interruption of blood supply
What are the other names for avascular necrosis?
Osteonecrosis
Aseptic necrosis
Ischaemic necrosis
What are the causes of avascular necrosis? (5)
Fracture Dislocation Steroid use Radiation Decompression sickness
What can avascular necrosis lead to?
Collapse of necrotic segment and secondary osteoarthritis
What is a joint?
Articulation between two or more bones
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
1) fibrous
2) cartilaginous
3) synovial
Where can fibrous joints be found?
Sutures of skull
Inferior tibiofibular joint
Radioulnar interosseus membrane
Joint between roots of teeth and bone of mandible/maxilla
What is a primary cartilaginous joint and give examples?
United by hyaline cartilage
1st sternocostal joint
Xiphisternal joint
Epiphyseal growth plates of long bones
What is a secondary cartilaginous joint and give examples?
Articulating bones covered with hyaline cartilage with pad of fibrocartilage between them
Symphysis pubis
Intervertebral disc
Manubriosternal joint
What is contained within the joint cavity of a synovial joint?
Synovial fluid
What are the characteristics of synovial joints? (4)
1) articular cartilage
2) fibrous capsule
3) synovial membrane
4) synovial fluid
What is the typical articular cartilage type in synovial joints? What are the exceptions?
Hyaline cartilage
Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints are atypical synovial joints covered in fibrocartilage