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MANA 1513 > Session 5 - Muscular And Motor Nervous System > Flashcards

Session 5 - Muscular And Motor Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of muscles

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Smooth muscle
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2
Q

What are the categories of skeletal muscles?

A
  1. Prime movers / agonists - responsible for movement
  2. Antagonists - oppose prime movers
  3. Synergists - assist prime movers
  4. Fixators - stabilise bones and neutralise unwanted movements
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3
Q

What are the generalised functions of skeletal muscles?

A
  1. They create movement by contracting
  2. They reduce the angle between articulating bones
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4
Q

What is the origin a muscle?

A

Its proximal attachment

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5
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

Its distal attachment

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6
Q

State the origin of the biceps brachii muscle

A

Apex of coracoid process of scapula - short head
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - long head

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7
Q

State the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle

A

Tuberosity of radius

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8
Q

State the nerve that innervates the biceps brachii muscle.

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

State the function of the biceps brachii muscle

A

It it the flexor and supinator of the forearm at the elbow.

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10
Q

State the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle

A

Apex of coracoid process of scapula

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11
Q

State the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle

A

Linear roughening on the midshaft of the humerus on the medial side

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12
Q

Which nerve innervates the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Musculacutaneous nerve

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13
Q

State the function of the coracobrachialis muscle

A

It is the flexor of the arm at the shoulder

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14
Q

Which muscles are located in the terror compartment of the arm?

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Coracobrachialis
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15
Q

Which muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

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16
Q

State the origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle

A

Posterior surface of humerus

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17
Q

State the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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18
Q

State the insertion of the triceps brachii muscle

A

Olecranon of the ulna

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19
Q

Which nerve innervates the triceps brachii muscle?

A

Radial nerve

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20
Q

What are the functions of the triceps brachii muscles?

A
  1. Extension of he forearm at elbow.
  2. The long head extends and abducts the arm at the shoulder
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21
Q

Which muscles are located in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  1. Pronator teres
  2. Flexor carpi radialis
  3. Palmaris longus
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris
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22
Q

State the origin of the flexor carpi radialis.

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

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23
Q

State the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

A
  1. Medial epicondyle of the humerus
  2. Olecranon and posterior border of ulna
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24
Q

State the origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle

A

Posterior surface of humerus

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25
Q

State the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Pisiform bone and base of metacarpal 5

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26
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

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27
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

It flexes and adducts the wrist joint

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28
Q

State the insertion of the palmaris longus.

A

Palmar aponeurosis of hand

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29
Q

State the origin of the palmaris longus.

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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30
Q

Which nerve innervates the palmaris longus muscle?

A

Median nerve

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31
Q

State the function of the palmaris longus.

A

It flexes the hand

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32
Q

State the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

A

Base of metacarpals 2 and 3

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33
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

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34
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

It flexes and abducts the wrist

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35
Q

Which muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  3. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  4. Extensor digitorum
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36
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Vastus lateralis
Recuts femoris
Vastus medialis
Quadriceps femoris tendon*

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37
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas major muscle?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

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38
Q

State the insertion of the Psoas major muscle

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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39
Q

Which nerve innervates the Psoas major muscle?

A

Anterior rami nerve

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40
Q

What is the function of the Psoas major muscle?

A

It flexes the thigh at the hip joint

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41
Q

State the origin of the Iliacus muscle

A

Iliac fossa in the posterior abdominal wall

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42
Q

State the insertion of the Iliacus muscle

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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43
Q

Which nerve innervates the Iliacus muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

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44
Q

What is the function of the Iliacus muscle?

A

It flexes the thigh at the hip joint

45
Q

State the origin of the Vastus medialis.

A

Femur

46
Q

State the insertion of the Vastus medialis

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella

47
Q

Which nerve innervates the Vastus medialis muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

48
Q

What is the function of the Vastus medialis muscle?

A

It extends the leg at the knee joint

49
Q

Where is the origin of the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

Femur

50
Q

State the insertion of the Vastus lateralis muscle.

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella

51
Q

Give the name of the nerve that innervates the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

52
Q

What is the function of the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

It extends the leg at the knee joint.

53
Q

Give the origin of the straight head of the Recutus femoris muscle.

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

54
Q

State the origin of the reflected head of the Rectus femoris muscle.

A

Ilium just superior to the acetabulum

55
Q

State the name of the insertion of the Rectus femoris muscle.

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon

56
Q

Which nerve innervates the Rectus femoris muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

57
Q

List the names of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh.

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
58
Q

Give the origin of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle.

A

Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity

59
Q

State the origin of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle.

A

Lateral lip of the linea aspera

60
Q

State the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle.

A

Head of the fibula

61
Q

Which nerve innervates the biceps femoris muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

62
Q

What are the functions of the biceps femoris muscle?

A
  1. Flexes leg at knee joint
  2. Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
  3. Laterally rotates leg at knee joint
63
Q

State the origin of the semitendinosus muscle

A

Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity

64
Q

State the insertion of the semitendinosus muscle

A

Medial surface of proximal tibia

65
Q

Which nerve innervates the semitendinosus muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

66
Q

What are the functions of the semitendinosus muscle?

A
  1. Flexes leg at knee joint
  2. Extends thigh at hip joint
  3. Medially rotates thigh at hip joint
  4. Medially rotates leg at knee joint
67
Q

State the origin of the semimembranosus muscle

A

Superolateral impression of the ischial tuberosity

68
Q

State the insertion of the semimembranosus muscle.

A

Medial tibial condyle

69
Q

Which nerve innervates the semimembranosus muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

70
Q

What are the functions of the semimembranosus muscle?

A
  1. Flexes leg at knee joint
  2. Extends thigh at hip joint
  3. Medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
71
Q

Which muscles are in the adductor compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus

72
Q

State the origin of the Adductor longus muscle.

A

External surface of the body of the pubis

73
Q

State the insertion of the Adductor longus.

A

Linea aspera on the middle of the shaft of the femur

74
Q

Which nerve innervates the Adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve

75
Q

State the origin of the Adductor brevis.

A

External surface of the body of the pubis and inferior pubic ramus

76
Q

State the insertion of the Adductor brevis muscle.

A

Posterior surface of proximal femur

77
Q

Which nerve innervates the Adductor brevis?

A

Obturator nerve

78
Q

State the origin of the adductor part of the Adductor Magnus muscle

A

Ischiopubic ramus

79
Q

State the origin of the hamstring part of the Adductor Magnus.

A

Ischial tuberosity

80
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the adductor compartments of the tight?

A

It is to adduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint

81
Q

List the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius/Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucinations longus

82
Q

State the origin of the Tibialis anterior muscle

A

Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

83
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

84
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.

A

Soleus
Gastrocnemius

85
Q

List the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

86
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

87
Q

Name the muscles in the muscle layer of the thorax

A

External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal

88
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscle?

A

Moves the ribs superiorly

89
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle?

A

Moves the ribs inferiorly

90
Q

Which nerves innervate the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves; T1 - T11

91
Q

Name the muscles in the muscle layer of the abdomen

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus oblique
Rectus abdominis

92
Q

Describe the nerve supply of muscles in general.

A

Muscles of similar actions are innervated by the same nerves. Muscles are innervated by one motor neuron and it branches into the muscle fibres.

93
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

The cell body, nerve fibre and all the muscle fibres supplied by a motor nerve

94
Q

What is a prime mover?

A

Also called the agonist. It is the main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement of the body. It contracts concentrically to produce the desired movement.

95
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A muscle that steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements are occurring in distal parts

96
Q

What is a synergist?

A

A muscle that complements the action of a prime mover. It may directly assist a prime mover, providing a weaker or less mechanically advantaged component of the same movement, or it may assist indirectly, by serving as a fixator of an intervening joint when a prime mover passes over more than one joint.

97
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.

98
Q

List the types of muscle contractions

A
  1. Reflexive contraction
  2. Tonic contraction
  3. Physical contraction
99
Q

What are the 2 types of tonic muscle contractions?

A
  1. Isometric
  2. Isotonic
100
Q

What are the the 2 types of Isotonic contraction?

A
  1. Concentric contraction - muscle shortens
  2. Eccentric contraction - muscle lengthens
101
Q

Name the factors that influence the strength of muscle contraction.

A
  1. Cross-sectional area
  2. Length of lever
  3. Force-length relation of a muscle
102
Q

What is the influence of gravity on muscle action?

A

Gravity may be the prime mover e.g. addicting the upper limbs from the abducted position.

103
Q

What is a neutraliser?

A

A muscle that neutralises unwanted movements caused by another agonist

104
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A closed connective tissue pouch lined by synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid. They reduce friction between muscles and other hard structures.

105
Q

What are flat muscles?

A

They have parallel fibres often with an aponeurosis.

106
Q

What are fusiform muscles?

A

Spindle-shaped with a round, thick belly and tapered ends

107
Q

What are convergent muscles?

A

Muscles that arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon

108
Q

What are quadrate muscles?

A

Muscles that have four equal parts

109
Q

What are circular or sphincteral muscles?

A

Muscles that surround a body opening or orifice, constricting it when contracted.

MANA 1513 (17 decks)

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