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MANA 1513 > Session 11 - Genito-urinary System > Flashcards

Session 11 - Genito-urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

To maintain the chemical composition f blood
To maintain water balance in the body
To free the body from waste products

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2
Q

Where is the hilum of the kidney located?

A

The concave medial border of the kidney

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3
Q

What is the general vertebral level of kidneys?

A

T12 - L3

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4
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidneys?

A

The renal arteries

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5
Q

Name the structures that enter and exit the hilum of the kidney? Give 5 points.

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
Nerves
Lymphatics

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6
Q

The renal veins and arteries join their respective larger vessels at which vertebral level?

A

Between L1 and L2

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7
Q

Describe the descend of the ureter

A
  1. Descends from pelvis of kidney
  2. Runs on top of posts major muscle
  3. Crosses the pelvis brim at point where common iliac arteries birfurcate
  4. Pierces the posterior surface of the bladder
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8
Q

At which point does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?

A

Where the common iliac arteries bifurcate

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9
Q

What is the ‘anatomical name’ of kidney stone?

A

Renal calculus

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10
Q

Give 3 potential sites of obstruction by kidney stones?

A
  1. Uretropelvic junction
  2. Where ureters cross the brim of the pelvic inlet
  3. During their passage through the wall of the bladder
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11
Q

Which blood vessels supply the badder?

A

Vesical arteries from the internal iliac arteries

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12
Q

Which blood vessels drain the bladder?

A

Vesical veins that join the internal iliac vein

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13
Q

What is the name of the triangular area between the internal orifices of the ureter and the urethra?

A

Trig one

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14
Q

Name the 3 parts of the male urethra.

A
  1. Prostatic
  2. Membranous
  3. Spongy
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15
Q

When is the urethra called the prostatic urethra?

A

When it passes through the prostate gland

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16
Q

When is the urethra called the membranous urethra?

A

When it pierces the perineum

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17
Q

When is the urethra called the spongy urethra?

A

When it passes through the corpus spongiosum of the penis

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18
Q

Which muscles form the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Levator ani
  2. Coccygeus muscles
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19
Q

Name 4 functions of the pelvis floor.

A
  1. Separates pelvic cavity from perineum
  2. Supports pelvic viscera
  3. Supports baby’s head during labour
  4. Increases intra-abdominal pressure
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20
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

A layer of fascia extending between the ischiopubic rami that divides the urogenital triangle into superficial and deep compartments

21
Q

What are the 2 sections of the perineum?

A
  1. Urogenital triangle
  2. Anal triangle
22
Q

What important structure is found in the deep compartment of the urogenital triangle?

A

Sphincter urethrae muscle

23
Q

What is the significance of the sphincter urethrae muscle?

A

It plays an important role in urinary continence

24
Q

What structures are found in the superficial compartment of the urogenital triangle?

A

The root of the penis or clitoris and superficial perineal muscles

25
Q

Which genital organs are classified as external in males?

A
  1. Penis
  2. Scrotum
26
Q

List the 8 constituents of the male genital organs.

A
  1. Testis
  2. Ductus deferens
  3. Seminal vesicles
  4. Ejaculatory ducts
  5. Prostate gland
  6. Bulbo-urethral glands
  7. Penis
  8. Epididymis
27
Q

What is another name for the ductus deferens?

A

Vas deferens

28
Q

What is the tissue structure of the penis?

A

2 elongated cylinders of the corpora cavernosa and 1 elongated cylinder of corpus spongiosum

29
Q

What are the external genital organs of the female also called?

A

Vulva or pudendum

30
Q

Which structures constitute the vulva? List 6 structures.

A
  1. Mons pubis
  2. Labia majora and minora
  3. Clitoris
  4. Vestibule of vagina
  5. Vestibular bulbus
  6. Greater vestibular glands
31
Q

What constitutes the internal genital organs of the female? List 4 structures.

A
  1. Vagina
  2. Uterus
  3. Uterine tubes
  4. Ovaries
32
Q

What are the 2 structures that the ovaries are attached to?

A
  1. Broad ligament
  2. Uterus
33
Q

What attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?

A

A mesentery called the mesovarium that is a posterior extension of the broad ligament

34
Q

What is the name of the mesentery that attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?

A

Mesovarium

35
Q

What attaches the ovaries to the uterus?

A

The ovarian ligament

36
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

The fold of peritoneum extending from both sides of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall

37
Q

Where are the uterine tubes located in relation to the broad ligament?

A

They are situated in the medial 2/3 of the superior free border

38
Q

What constitutes the infundibulo-pelvic ligament?

A

The remaining 1/3 of the broad ligament

39
Q

What is another name of the infundibulo-pelvic ligament?

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

40
Q

Describe the anatomical course of a sperm

A

Testis > epididymis > ductus deferens > ampulla of ductus deferens + seminal vesicle >ejaculatory duct > urethra

41
Q

List the 5 parts of the uterine tube.

A
  1. Fimbriae
  2. Infundibulum
  3. Ampulla
  4. Isthmus
  5. Uterine part?
42
Q

Where does fertilisation occur in the uterine tube?

A

The ampulla

43
Q

What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

It helps maintain the anterior inclination of the uterus

44
Q

What is anteversion?

A

When the uterus forms an anterior 90 degree angle with the vagina

45
Q

What is anteflexion?

A

The bending of the body of the uterus anteriorly over the bladder

46
Q

What is the main support of the uterus?

A

The pelvic diaphragm, more specifically the levator ani muscle

47
Q

What are the differences between the pelvis of a man and a woman?

A
  1. Pelvic inlet of women is circular == pelvic inlet of men is heart-shaped
  2. Angle formed by 2 arms of pubic arch is larger in women (80-85) than in men (50-60)
  3. Ischial spines don’t project as far medially into pelvic cavity in women as they do in men
  4. The promontory is less distinct in women and the algae are broader
  5. The sciatic notch is greater in women
48
Q

Describe the anatomical course of an unfertilised ovum.

A

Ovary > fimbrae of uterine tube > infundibulum of uterine tube > ampulla of uterine tube > isthmus of uterine tube > body of uterus > cervix of uterus > vagina

MANA 1513 (17 decks)

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