Session 11 - Genito-urinary System Flashcards
What is the function of the urinary system?
To maintain the chemical composition f blood
To maintain water balance in the body
To free the body from waste products
Where is the hilum of the kidney located?
The concave medial border of the kidney
What is the general vertebral level of kidneys?
T12 - L3
What is the blood supply of the kidneys?
The renal arteries
Name the structures that enter and exit the hilum of the kidney? Give 5 points.
Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
Nerves
Lymphatics
The renal veins and arteries join their respective larger vessels at which vertebral level?
Between L1 and L2
Describe the descend of the ureter
- Descends from pelvis of kidney
- Runs on top of posts major muscle
- Crosses the pelvis brim at point where common iliac arteries birfurcate
- Pierces the posterior surface of the bladder
At which point does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?
Where the common iliac arteries bifurcate
What is the ‘anatomical name’ of kidney stone?
Renal calculus
Give 3 potential sites of obstruction by kidney stones?
- Uretropelvic junction
- Where ureters cross the brim of the pelvic inlet
- During their passage through the wall of the bladder
Which blood vessels supply the badder?
Vesical arteries from the internal iliac arteries
Which blood vessels drain the bladder?
Vesical veins that join the internal iliac vein
What is the name of the triangular area between the internal orifices of the ureter and the urethra?
Trig one
Name the 3 parts of the male urethra.
- Prostatic
- Membranous
- Spongy
When is the urethra called the prostatic urethra?
When it passes through the prostate gland
When is the urethra called the membranous urethra?
When it pierces the perineum
When is the urethra called the spongy urethra?
When it passes through the corpus spongiosum of the penis
Which muscles form the pelvic floor?
- Levator ani
- Coccygeus muscles
Name 4 functions of the pelvis floor.
- Separates pelvic cavity from perineum
- Supports pelvic viscera
- Supports baby’s head during labour
- Increases intra-abdominal pressure
What is the perineal membrane?
A layer of fascia extending between the ischiopubic rami that divides the urogenital triangle into superficial and deep compartments
What are the 2 sections of the perineum?
- Urogenital triangle
- Anal triangle
What important structure is found in the deep compartment of the urogenital triangle?
Sphincter urethrae muscle
What is the significance of the sphincter urethrae muscle?
It plays an important role in urinary continence
What structures are found in the superficial compartment of the urogenital triangle?
The root of the penis or clitoris and superficial perineal muscles
Which genital organs are classified as external in males?
- Penis
- Scrotum
List the 8 constituents of the male genital organs.
- Testis
- Ductus deferens
- Seminal vesicles
- Ejaculatory ducts
- Prostate gland
- Bulbo-urethral glands
- Penis
- Epididymis
What is another name for the ductus deferens?
Vas deferens
What is the tissue structure of the penis?
2 elongated cylinders of the corpora cavernosa and 1 elongated cylinder of corpus spongiosum
What are the external genital organs of the female also called?
Vulva or pudendum
Which structures constitute the vulva? List 6 structures.
- Mons pubis
- Labia majora and minora
- Clitoris
- Vestibule of vagina
- Vestibular bulbus
- Greater vestibular glands
What constitutes the internal genital organs of the female? List 4 structures.
- Vagina
- Uterus
- Uterine tubes
- Ovaries
What are the 2 structures that the ovaries are attached to?
- Broad ligament
- Uterus
What attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?
A mesentery called the mesovarium that is a posterior extension of the broad ligament
What is the name of the mesentery that attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?
Mesovarium
What attaches the ovaries to the uterus?
The ovarian ligament
What is the broad ligament?
The fold of peritoneum extending from both sides of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall
Where are the uterine tubes located in relation to the broad ligament?
They are situated in the medial 2/3 of the superior free border
What constitutes the infundibulo-pelvic ligament?
The remaining 1/3 of the broad ligament
What is another name of the infundibulo-pelvic ligament?
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Describe the anatomical course of a sperm
Testis > epididymis > ductus deferens > ampulla of ductus deferens + seminal vesicle >ejaculatory duct > urethra
List the 5 parts of the uterine tube.
- Fimbriae
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
- Uterine part?
Where does fertilisation occur in the uterine tube?
The ampulla
What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?
It helps maintain the anterior inclination of the uterus
What is anteversion?
When the uterus forms an anterior 90 degree angle with the vagina
What is anteflexion?
The bending of the body of the uterus anteriorly over the bladder
What is the main support of the uterus?
The pelvic diaphragm, more specifically the levator ani muscle
What are the differences between the pelvis of a man and a woman?
- Pelvic inlet of women is circular == pelvic inlet of men is heart-shaped
- Angle formed by 2 arms of pubic arch is larger in women (80-85) than in men (50-60)
- Ischial spines don’t project as far medially into pelvic cavity in women as they do in men
- The promontory is less distinct in women and the algae are broader
- The sciatic notch is greater in women
Describe the anatomical course of an unfertilised ovum.
Ovary > fimbrae of uterine tube > infundibulum of uterine tube > ampulla of uterine tube > isthmus of uterine tube > body of uterus > cervix of uterus > vagina
