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MANA 1513 > Session 1 - Terms Of Position And Movement > Flashcards

Session 1 - Terms Of Position And Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomical position

A

The body is erect with the head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly. The arms are adjacent to and slightly away from the sides of the body with the palms facing anteriorly in the supinated position and the thumbs pointing away from the body. The lower limbs are close together but slightly apart with the feet parallel to each other and flat on the ground.

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2
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to the front; in front of

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3
Q

What is another word for anterior?

A

Ventral

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head; towards the lower part of a structure of the body; below

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5
Q

What is another word for inferior?

A

Caudal

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6
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to the back; behind of

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7
Q

What is another word for posterior?

A

Dorsal

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8
Q

Superior

A

Above; towards the head or upper part of a structure of the body

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9
Q

What is another word for superior?

A

Cranial

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10
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the median plane of the body

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane of the body

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the trunk of the body or point of origin

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13
Q

Distal

A

Away from the trunk of the body of point of origin

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14
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to the surface

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15
Q

Deep

A

Further from the surface

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16
Q

Intermediate

A

Between superficial and deep

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17
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

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18
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between bones or parts of the body

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19
Q

In which plane does flexion and extension usually occur?

A

The sagittal plane

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20
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the median plane

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21
Q

Adduction

A

Moving towards the median plane

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22
Q

In which plane does Abduction and Adduction usually occur?

A

The coronal/frontal plane

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23
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation of the radius and medially so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly and its dorsum faces anteriorly.

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24
Q

Supination

A

Rotation of the radius laterally so that palm of the hand faces anteriorly and its dorsum faces posteriorly

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25
Q

Opposition

A

Movement by which the pad of the first digit is brought to another digit pad

26
Q

Reposition

A

Movement by the which the pad of the first digit is brought from the pad of another digit to its anatomical position.

27
Q

Elevation

A

Moving a part of the body superiorly

28
Q

Depression

A

Moving a part of the body inferiorly

29
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane, turning the sole/foot laterally

30
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot towards the median plane, turning the sole/foot medially

31
Q

What is the median plane?

A

A vertical plane passing through the body longitudinally, dividing it into equal left and right halves.

32
Q

What is another name for the median plane?

A

Midsagittal plane

33
Q

What is the coronal plane?

A

A vertical plane passing through the body at a right angle to the sagittal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves.

34
Q

What is another name for the coronal plane?

A

Frontal plane

35
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

A horizontal plane passing through the body at a right angle to the median and coronal planes divining the body into the upper and lower halves

36
Q

What is another name for the transverse plane?

A

Axial or horizontal plane

37
Q

What is the highest organisational level of the body?

A

System level

38
Q

Name the organisation levels of the body in order of increasing complexity

A

Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
System level

39
Q

Explain chemical level

A

The protoplasm is the basic component of a cell and is made up of atoms and molecules. The organisation of chemical components in the protoplasm distinguish living organisms from non-living. The chemical processes within the protoplasm supply the building blocks for the next higher level.

40
Q

Explain Cellular level

A

The cell is the most fundamental unit of life and is made up of protoplasm which includes a nucleus and cytoplasm. Cells specialise to perform different functions.

41
Q

Explain Tissue level

A

Tissue are made up of a large collection of cells that have specialised to perform a certain function.

42
Q

Explain Organ level

A

An organ is made up of a unique combination of all or part of the four major tissues. The tissues are arranged in such a way that they perform a certain function when combined. The pattern in the which the tissues are arranged can be used to identify the organ.

43
Q

Explain System level

A

A system is an arrangement of organs is such a way that they perform complex functions for the body.

44
Q

What are the major groupings of systems?

A

Outer protection
Maintenance
Framework/movement
Communication
Reproduction

45
Q

Which systems are grouped under Outer Protection?

A

Integumentary system

46
Q

Which systems are grouped under Maintenance?

A

Circulatory system
Digestive system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Exocrine system

47
Q

Which systems are grouped under Framework/movement?

A

Skeletal system
Muscular system

48
Q

Which systems are grouped under Communication?

A

Nervous system
Endocrine system

49
Q

What are the three major cavities of the body?

A

Cranial cavity
Thoracic cavity
A domino-pelvic cavity

50
Q

What is the cranial cavity composed of?

A

The skull bone and the organs found within i.e eyes, brain, ears, etc.

51
Q

What is the thoracic cavity composed of?

A

Pulmonary cavities
Mediastinum
Diaphragm

52
Q

What are the primary organs in the thoracic cavity?

A

Respiratory system
Cardiovascular system

53
Q

What is the name of the common point used to divide the abdomen into four quadrants?

A

The umbilicus

54
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

A

Epigastrium
Right hypochondrium
Right Lumbar
Right Inguinal
Hypogastrium
Left Inguinal
Left Lumbar
Left hypochondrium
Umbilical

55
Q

Name 5 organs found in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

A

Right lobe of the liver
Gallbladder
Right kidney
Pancreas head
Ascending colon

56
Q

Name 5 organs found in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Left lobe of the liver
Stomach
Spleen
Left kidney
Descending colon

57
Q

Name 5 organs found in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Sigmoid colon
Left ureter
Left ovary
Bladder when full
Uterus when enlarged

58
Q

Name 5 organs found in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

A

Appendix
Caecum
Right ureter
Bladder when full
Right ovary

59
Q

What are midclavicular lines?

A

Lines parallel to the sagittal plane that pass through the middle of each clavicle

60
Q

What is the midaxillary line?

A

A line that passes through the middle of the axillary area.

MANA 1513 (17 decks)

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