Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LCRS 2 > Session 4: Oral Cavity and Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Session 4: Oral Cavity and Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

List the three sets of tonsils found in the upper GI tract

A

Palatine, Pharyngeal, Lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Between which two folds do the palatine tonsils lie?

A

Palatopharyngeal Fold Palatoglossal Fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does the GP gets you to say ‘aaaaaah’ when he inspects the inside of your mouth?

A

It raises the soft palate and uvula and depresses the tongue, which are vagus-mediated effects. So the GP is testing the motor function of the vagus nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the borders of the pharynx.

A

Base of the skull and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx and what are their borders?

A

Nasopharynx – down to the soft palate (pharyngeal isthmus) Oropharynx – between the soft palate and the epiglottis Laryngopharynx – between the epiglottis and the cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the epiglottis when you swallow?

A

Retroflexion to cover the laryngeal inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the soft palate in swallowing?

A

It elevates to close off the nasopharynx so that food doesn’t go into the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Piriform Fossa and what is its clinical significance?

A

The piriform fossae are depressions on either side of the laryngeal inlet where food (commonly fish bones) get stuck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which muscles aid the passage of a bolus of food down the oesophagus?

A

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which nerves provide sensory innervation of the pharyngeal wall?

A

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nerves provide motor innervation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Vagus (and a bit of accessory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the changes that occur during swallowing.

A

Lift and retract the tongue (styloglossus and intrinsic muscles) Bolus into oropharynx (palatoglossus) Close off nasopharynx by raising soft palate Raise the larynx – closed off by the epiglottis Peristaltic wave of constrictor muscles Relax cricopharyngeus, open oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the three salivary glands, describe their secretions and state the nerves that provide secretomotor innervation to them.

A

Parotid – serous – glossopharyngeal Submandibular – serous – facial Sublingual – mucous – facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which muscle does the parotid duct pierce and where does it open into the buccal cavity?

A

Buccinator It opens next to the second upper molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the main muscles of the tongue. Which nerve innervates all of this?

A

Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus Intrinsic Muscles These are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What other muscle is associated with the tongue but isn’t innervated by this nerve?

A

Palatoglossus – it is innervated by the vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What tongue movements do the genioglossus and styloglossus perform?

A

Genioglossus – protracts the tongue Styloglossus – retracts and elevates the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

To which side would the tongue move if a patient with a unilateral lesion in the hypoglossal nerve was asked to stick their tongue out?

A

Towards the side of the lesion because the genioglossus is used in protracting the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What movement is palatoglossus responsible for?

A

Elevates the soft palate and moves the back of the tongue upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the lingual nerve relative to the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Lingual nerve is superior to the hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3 sensation – mandibular branch of trigeminal Anterior 2/3 taste – facial Posterior 1/3 everything – glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

To which structure in the brainstem do the neurons of taste go? It is considered the main taste centre within the brainstem.

A

Nucleus Solitarius in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

State the origin and insertion of the masseter and the movement that it is responsible for.

A

Zygomatic Arch Lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible and the angle of the mandible Elevates the mandible so FORCED CLOSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

State the origin and insertion of temporalis and the movement that it is responsible for.

A

Temporal Fossa Coronoid Process Elevates and retracts mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the structure of the temporomandibular joint.

A

It is a capsular joint The capsule has an articular plate in between the two bony parts of joint, splitting joint in two. The head of the mandible articulates with the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the movements around the temporomandibular joint when opening the mouth.

A

When opening the mouth slightly there is a hinge action When the mouth is opened further, the head of the mandible glides anteriorly on the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

State the eight branches of the external carotid artery.

A

Superior to Inferior Superficial Temporal Maxillary Posterior Auricular Occipital Facial Lingual Ascending Pharyngeal Superior Thyroid

28
Q

At the level of what anatomical landmark does the common carotid artery bifurcate.

A

At the level of the laryngeal prominence C4

29
Q

Why does the facial artery have a wavy course across the mandible?

A

If it were taut, then when the mouth is opened the facial artery wouldrupture

30
Q

Which branch of the external carotid artery gives rise to the middle meningeal artery?

A

Maxillary

31
Q

Through which foramen does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?

A

Foramen Spinosum

32
Q

State the five branches of the facial nerve

A

Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical

33
Q

What are the two main branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Lingual Nerve Inferior Alveolar Nerve

34
Q

What are the functions of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerve?

A

Inferior Alveolar – innervates the lower teeth (this is the one that is stimulated in tooth ache) Lingual – sensation (touch and taste) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue AND secretomotor to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

35
Q

What fibres join the lingual nerve?

A

Some fibres of the facial nerve via the Chorda Tympani (this is why the lingual nerve is responsible for taste)

36
Q

Which cranial nerve provides all sensory innervation of the face?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

37
Q

Which muscle protects the carotid sheath when the head is turned?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

38
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy and how may it present in a patient?

A

Facial nerve palsy Inability to contract muscles of facial expression and altered taste

39
Q

What are the branches coming off the inferior alveolar nerve?

A

Mental nerve – terminal branch (provides sensation to the front of the chin) Nerve to mylohyoid

40
Q

What are the full numbers in a typical permanent set of teeth?

A

32 16 upper and 16 lower 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars (including 4 wisdom teeth)

41
Q

How many deciduous (baby) teeth are there?

A

20

42
Q

Which teeth are missing in the deciduous set compared to the adult set?

A

No premolars or wisdom teeth

43
Q

When do the first deciduous teeth erupt?

A

Around 6 months

44
Q

When is the deciduous set usually complete?

A

Around 20-24 months

45
Q

What are the approximate starting and completion ages for the permanent set of teeth?

A

Starts around 7 years and usually completed by the age of 21

46
Q

Why are the tonsils clinically important?

A

They are areas of lymphoid tissue so they can get infected and inflamed

47
Q

What is the simplest test of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Test the patient’s gag reflex by sticking something down their throat

48
Q

How is the hypoglossal nerve tested?

A

Ask the patient to stick their tongue out

49
Q

How is the trigeminal nerve tested?

A

Sensory – touch the patient around the jawline, on the cheek and on the forehead (to test the three divisions) Motor – ask the patient to clench their teeth and try to palpate the bulge of the masseter and temporalis

50
Q

How is the facial nerve tested?

A

Ask the patient to crease up their forehead by raising their eyebrows Ask the patient to keep their eyes closed against resistance

51
Q

where is the coronoid process on face

A

Pointy part of mandible superior and posterior to teeth

52
Q

Attachments of lateral pterygoid

A

Lateral pterygoid plate TO neck of mandible

53
Q

Movements of lateral pterygoid

A

Depresses and protracts mandible to OPEN mouth

54
Q

Attachments of medial pterygoid

A

Lateral pterygoid and maxilla to neck of mandible

55
Q

Movements of medial pterygoid

A

Elevates and protracts mouth Lateral movements for CHEWING

56
Q

Nmenonic for remembering branches of external carotid artery from superficial to inferior

A

Some men party on fat ladies all season

57
Q

Nerve innervating temporalis

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

58
Q

Nerve innervating masseter

A

Trigeminal

59
Q

Nerve innervating Buccinator

A

Buccal branch of facial

60
Q

Nerve innervating all pterygoid muscles

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

61
Q

Sensory innervators of pharyngeal constrictors

A

CN 9 and 10

62
Q

Motor innervators of pharyngeal constrictors

A

CN 10 and bit of 11

63
Q

Innervators of anterior belly of digastric

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

64
Q

Innervators of posterior belly of digastric

A

Facial

65
Q

Innervator of mylohyoid

A

Inferior alveolar of madbular branch of trigeminal

LCRS 2 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions