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LCRS 2 > Nerves and vessels of the lower limb > Flashcards

Nerves and vessels of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many sacral nerves are there?

A

5

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2
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

A

1

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3
Q 
Which spinal nerves supply each of the following:
Neck 
Upper Limb
Trunk
Lower Limb
Perineum
A 
Neck: C1-C4
Upper Limb: C5-T1
Trunk: T2-L1
Lower Limb: L2-S3
Perineum: S2-C1
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4
Q

Which muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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5
Q

The femoral nerve innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh. Which extra spinal root contributes to the innervation of iliopsoas?

A

L1

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6
Q 
Which nerve roots are responsible for:
Inversion
Eversion
Toe Extension
Toe Flexion
A

Inversion: L4
Eversion: L5S1
Toe Extension: L5S1
Toe Flexion: S12

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7
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to most of the posterior of the thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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8
Q

Which two spinal nerve roots are responsible for sensory innervation of most of the posterior side of the lower limb?

A

S1 and S2

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9
Q

What are autonomous sensory zones?

A

Regions where you can be confident of the spinal root affected if there is any abnormal sensation in those regions

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10
Q

Which part of the lower limb does the obturator nerve supply sensory innervation to?

A

Inner part of the thigh

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11
Q

Which part of the leg does the saphenous nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Medial part of the leg

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12
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to most of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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13
Q

Where can the common peroneal nerve be damaged easily?

A

At the neck of the fibula

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14
Q

What are the consequences of damage to the common peroneal nerve?

A

Foot drop
Loss of sensation to the dorsum of the foot at least
No change in reflexes or autonomic function

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15
Q

Describe the position of the posterior tibial artery relative to the medial malleolus.

A

It is posterior to the medial malleolus

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16
Q

Where can the dorsalis pedis pulse be felt?

A

Just lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon

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17
Q

Where can the posterior tibial artery pulse be felt?

A

Just posterior to the medial malleolus

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18
Q

What is cut-down and when it is performed?

A

It is an emergency procedure to gain access to the veins of a patient in shock

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19
Q

Where is the incision made in cut-down?

A

2 cm lateral and proximal to the medial malleolus

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20
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

Muscle pain induced by exercise and relieved by rest, that is caused by inadequate blood supply to the affected muscles (associated with arterial disease)

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21
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Ischaemia caused by trauma-induced increased in pressure in a confined limb compartment

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22
Q

What is the normal pressure in muscle compartments?

A

25 mm Hg

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23
Q

What pressure is required to collapse vessels?

A

50-60 mm Hg

24
Q

What are the causes of acute and chronic compartment syndrome?

A

Acute – trauma-associated

Chronic – exercise-induced

25
Q

What is the treatment of acute compartment syndrome?

A

Emergency fasciotomy

26
Q

How do varicose veins form?

A

Valve dysfunction in the superficial, deep and perforating veins
Saphenofemoral junction valve is the most important
NOTE: can cause lipodermatosclerosis and ulcers

27
Q

Divisions of lumbosacral plexus

A

Either anterior or posterior

Note: Posterior divisions tend to supply anterior compartments due to how leg pronates during embryology

28
Q

Supply of femoral nerve

A

Anterior thigh compartment

29
Q

Supply of obturator nerve

A

Medial adductor compartment of thigh

30
Q

Supply of sciatic nerve

A

Posterior thigh

All of leg and foot

31
Q

Branches of sciatic nerve

A

Tibial and common peroneal

32
Q

Significance of piriform muscle with regards to vessels

A

Anything above is superior gluteal and anything below is inferior gluteal

33
Q

Where does sciatic nerve branch

A

Just superior to knee condyles on posterior side

34
Q

Route of common peroneal nerve

A

Wraps laterally around fibula to anterior side just below knee

35
Q

Route of tibial nerve

A

Descends down posterior side of tibia

36
Q

Division of tibial nerve

A

At foot becomes medial and lateral plantar nerve

37
Q

5 lower limb nerves

A 
Femoral 
Obturator 
Sciatic
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
38
Q

Spinal nerves of femoral nerve

A

L234 posterior fibres

39
Q

Spinal nerves of obturator nerve

A

L234 anterior fibres

40
Q

Spinal nerves of sciatic nerve

A

L3 4 5 and S123

Anterior and posterior fibres

41
Q

Spinal nerves of sup gluteal

A

L4 and 5

S1

42
Q

Spinal nerves of inf gluteal

A

L5 S12

43
Q

Supply of superior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

Tensor fascia lata

44
Q

Supply of inferior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus maximus

45
Q

Supply of sciatic nerve

A

Posterior thigh

Leg and foot

46
Q

Principles of segmental supplies

A

Muscles supplied by 2 adjacent segments
Any same action on joint supplied by same nerve supply
Opposing muscles 1-2 segments above or below
The more distal in the limb the more caudal the cell body in spine

47
Q

Signs of prolapsed disc L5/S1

A

Motor loss of eversion
Sensory loss of outer foot
Loss of ankle jerk

48
Q

Overall blood supply to leg

A

External iliac
Femoral
Popliteal
Trifurcation to anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal

49
Q

Route of femoral artery

A

Run down anterior compartment of thigh and to the posterior of knee through hiatus of adductor Magnus

50
Q

Point at which femoral becomes popliteal

A

After passing posteriorly through hiatus of adductor Magnus

51
Q

What does anterior tibial artery become

A

Dorsalis pedis artery just softer crossing artery

52
Q

What forms greatsaphenous vein

A

Dorsal venous arches of foot just anterior and superior to medial malleolus

53
Q

Where does saphenous vein join femoral vein

A

After passing through saphenous opening

54
Q

Main superficial veins of leg

A

Small saphenous and great saphenous

55
Q

Importance of perforating veins in leg

A

Contain valve allowing blood flow from superficial veins

56
Q

Important thing regarding venous grafts

A

Valves only allow flow in one direction so when done must be orietated properly

LCRS 2 (44 decks)

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