session 21/22/23 - neuro, behavior, seizures

Question 1

When is surgery recommended as treatment for cervical disk extrusion?

Answer 1

• intractable pain or recurrent pain

- neuro deficits

Question 2

When is surgery recommended as treatment for thoracolumbar disk extrusion?

Answer 2

• intractible pain
• recurrent pain
• deterioration in neuro status
• loss of motor function: paraparesis/paralysis

Question 3

When assessing severity of compressive spinal cord lesion, what abnormalites are noted from least severe to most severe?

Answer 3

• pain at site
• loss of CP
• ataxia
• cannot stand/walk unassisted
• loss of motor function
• UMN bladder (retention)
• loss of deep pain

Question 4

For patients with IVDD that do not need surgery, how long is it recommended to give NSAIDs?

Answer 4

5-7 days

Question 5

Conservative management of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) consists of medication and strict cage rest. How long is strict cage rest recommended?

Answer 5

4 weeks

Question 6

What is the most important prognostic factor to consider when making treatment decisions for a paralyzed patient with acute spinal trauma?

Answer 6

deep pain

Question 7

You are treating a patient for diskospondylitis and are unable to find the causative organism. Which of the following antibiotics is recommended?

Answer 7

• First-generation cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin) and amoxicillin with clavulanate
• most common organisms Staphylococcus spp.
• Bactericidal antibiotics with a spectrum against gram-positive organisms and the ability to concentrate in bone are recommended.

Question 8

What is the most common microbial agent responsible for Diskospondylitis?

Answer 8

Staphylococcus - gram pos

Question 9

What is the antibiotic of choice for Actinomyces infections associated with grass awn migration?

Answer 9

ampicillin

Question 10

What is the drug of choice if a gram negative bacteria is suspected to be the cause of diskpondylitis?

Answer 10

Fluoroquinolone

Question 11

What is an indication that antibiotics can be discontinued when treating a patient for diskospondylitis?

Answer 11

No radiographically visible lysis

Question 12

What is an effective treatment for degenerative myelopathy?

Answer 12

There isnt one, it is degenerative

Question 13

When is it suggested to start a patient with diskospodylitis in IV antibiotics?

Answer 13

• neuro signs
• fever
• rapid progession

Question 14

How long should a diskospodylitis patient be treated with parenteral antibiotics before switching to oral?

Answer 14

3-5 days

Question 15

How long should a patient with diskospondylitits be treated with oral antibiotics?

Answer 15

8 weeks or until no longer painful and with no signs on rads

Question 16

What signalment is more likly to have Hansen Type 1 IVD extrusion (mineralized nucleus extruding through the annulus)

Answer 16

small breed dogs
cervical in beagles
thoracolumar in dachshunds

Question 17

What is the most common signalment for Cervical Spondylomelopathy (wobbler syndrome)?

Answer 17

Great danes, mastiffs, rotties, bernese moutnain dogs, dobbies

Question 18

Which antimicrobials penetrate bone and would therefore be good choices for diskospodylosis?

Answer 18

first gen cephalosporins, amoxicillin clavulanate, clindaycin