GI drugs and toxicity - session 7 Flashcards
When performing a thoracocentesis, where should the needle be placed and why?
caudal aspect of the intercostal space between 7th or 8th rib
Place the needle more dorsally if pneumothorax is suspected or ventrally if fluid is thought to be the primary problem
cranial aspect of intercostal space (caudal aspect of ribs) has nerves and vessels
heart lies bw 3rd and 4th intercostal space
When is thoracocentesis indicated in a patient with hemothorax?
when respiratory compromise is severe
What is the preferred drug for inducing vomiting in dogs and what is its MOA?
Apomorphine
Dopamine Agonist
What is the preferred drug for inducing vomiting in cats and what is its MOA?
Xylazine
Alpha 2 agonist
Are emetics agonists or antagonists of the vomiting receptors?
Emetic = agonist Antiemtic = antagonist
maropitant class and MOA
antiemetic
NK 1 antagonist
ondansetron class and MOA
serotonin antagonist
antiemetic
prochlorperazine class and MOA
serotonin antagonists
antiemetic
metoclopramide class & MOA
prokinetic
dopamine antagonist
What antimicrobial can be used as a prokinetic?
Erythromycin
ranitadine class
H2 antagonist
omperazole class
PPI
Famotidine class
H2 antagonist
Ranitadine
Cimetadine
What is misprostol and what is it used for?
Synthetic prostaglandin used for GI protectant
What is Diphenoxylate used for and MOA?
Antidiarrheal
Opioid
poorly active in CNS
What is Loperamide used for and MOA?
Antidiarrheal
Opioid
Active in CNS
MDR1 dogs @ risk for toxicity
What is Bismuth Subsalicylate used for?
GI protectant
Overdose causes toxicity in cats
Bactericidal against helicobacter
Why is ingestion of raw bread dough potentially toxic to dogs
- ethanol toxicity from fermentation
- gastric distension from dough expansion
- can cause dypsnea from distension
In patients with chocolate toxicosis, why is placement of a urinary catheter or frequent walks important?
Methylxanthines can be absorbed through the urinary bladder wall.
What are the effects in dogs of xylitol toxicity?
Hypoglycemia
Hepatic Necrosis
Seizure activity (from hypoglycemia)
What is used to treat ethylene glycol toxicity?
Fomepizole
Ethanole
What is used to treat acetaminophen toxicity?
N-acetylcysteine
What is used to treat amphetamine toxicity?
Acepromazine
Paintball ingestion can lead to which of the following?
Hypernatremia and free water loss
What is used to treat opioid toxicity?
Naloxone
Which of the following is the most important thing to do first in a dog that has been playing with a Bufo toad and is now hypersalivating and has brick red mucous membranes?
Oral Lavage
What is the antidote for SSRI’s?
Cyproheptadine
What is the antidote for cholecalciferol?
Pamidronate
What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity?
Vitamine K
In dogs, which form of vitamin K has the best bioavailability?
Oral
Do not give IM or IV due to risk of hemorrhage or anaphylaxis
If you do not know what rodenticide caused toxicity, how long should you continue Vit K?
4 weeks
What is the result of toxicity with warfarin, brodifacoum, diphacenone or chlorophacinone and what is the treatment?
anticoagulent rodenticides
Vitamin K
When would you use vitamin K vs give fresh frozen plasma for a patient with suspected rodenticide toxicity?
Fresh frozen plasma will immediately provide clotting factors.
Vitamin K helps make more clotting factors so it takes longer to take effect
Which class of GI protectants inhibits C450?
H2 antagonists
