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JD SACM pharmacology > GI drugs and toxicity - session 7 > Flashcards

GI drugs and toxicity - session 7 Flashcards

1
Q

When performing a thoracocentesis, where should the needle be placed and why?

A

caudal aspect of the intercostal space between 7th or 8th rib
Place the needle more dorsally if pneumothorax is suspected or ventrally if fluid is thought to be the primary problem

cranial aspect of intercostal space (caudal aspect of ribs) has nerves and vessels
heart lies bw 3rd and 4th intercostal space

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2
Q

When is thoracocentesis indicated in a patient with hemothorax?

A

when respiratory compromise is severe

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3
Q

What is the preferred drug for inducing vomiting in dogs and what is its MOA?

A

Apomorphine

Dopamine Agonist

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4
Q

What is the preferred drug for inducing vomiting in cats and what is its MOA?

A

Xylazine

Alpha 2 agonist

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5
Q

Are emetics agonists or antagonists of the vomiting receptors?

A 
Emetic = agonist
Antiemtic = antagonist
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6
Q

maropitant class and MOA

A

antiemetic

NK 1 antagonist

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7
Q

ondansetron class and MOA

A

serotonin antagonist

antiemetic

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8
Q

prochlorperazine class and MOA

A

serotonin antagonists

antiemetic

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9
Q

metoclopramide class & MOA

A

prokinetic

dopamine antagonist

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10
Q

What antimicrobial can be used as a prokinetic?

A

Erythromycin

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11
Q

ranitadine class

A

H2 antagonist

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12
Q

omperazole class

A

PPI

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13
Q

Famotidine class

A

H2 antagonist

Ranitadine
Cimetadine

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14
Q

What is misprostol and what is it used for?

A

Synthetic prostaglandin used for GI protectant

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15
Q

What is Diphenoxylate used for and MOA?

A

Antidiarrheal
Opioid
poorly active in CNS

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16
Q

What is Loperamide used for and MOA?

A

Antidiarrheal
Opioid
Active in CNS
MDR1 dogs @ risk for toxicity

17
Q

What is Bismuth Subsalicylate used for?

A

GI protectant
Overdose causes toxicity in cats
Bactericidal against helicobacter

18
Q

Why is ingestion of raw bread dough potentially toxic to dogs

A
  • ethanol toxicity from fermentation
  • gastric distension from dough expansion
  • can cause dypsnea from distension
19
Q

In patients with chocolate toxicosis, why is placement of a urinary catheter or frequent walks important?

A

Methylxanthines can be absorbed through the urinary bladder wall.

20
Q

What are the effects in dogs of xylitol toxicity?

A

Hypoglycemia
Hepatic Necrosis
Seizure activity (from hypoglycemia)

21
Q

What is used to treat ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Fomepizole

Ethanole

22
Q

What is used to treat acetaminophen toxicity?

A

N-acetylcysteine

23
Q

What is used to treat amphetamine toxicity?

A

Acepromazine

24
Q

Paintball ingestion can lead to which of the following?

A

Hypernatremia and free water loss

25
Q

What is used to treat opioid toxicity?

A

Naloxone

26
Q

Which of the following is the most important thing to do first in a dog that has been playing with a Bufo toad and is now hypersalivating and has brick red mucous membranes?

A

Oral Lavage

27
Q

What is the antidote for SSRI’s?

A

Cyproheptadine

28
Q

What is the antidote for cholecalciferol?

A

Pamidronate

29
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity?

A

Vitamine K

30
Q

In dogs, which form of vitamin K has the best bioavailability?

A

Oral

Do not give IM or IV due to risk of hemorrhage or anaphylaxis

31
Q

If you do not know what rodenticide caused toxicity, how long should you continue Vit K?

A

4 weeks

32
Q

What is the result of toxicity with warfarin, brodifacoum, diphacenone or chlorophacinone and what is the treatment?

A

anticoagulent rodenticides

Vitamin K

33
Q

When would you use vitamin K vs give fresh frozen plasma for a patient with suspected rodenticide toxicity?

A

Fresh frozen plasma will immediately provide clotting factors.

Vitamin K helps make more clotting factors so it takes longer to take effect

34
Q

Which class of GI protectants inhibits C450?

A

H2 antagonists

JD SACM pharmacology (18 decks)

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