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JD SACM pharmacology > antibiotics/antifungal - session 2 > Flashcards

antibiotics/antifungal - session 2 Flashcards

session 2

1
Q

What drug class can cause damage to cartilage in young rapidly growing animals?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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2
Q

Are gram neg cocci common pathogens in dogs and cats?

A

Not common.

Common: Gram neg rods (ie E.coli)

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3
Q

What bacterial species is metronidazole effective against?

A

Metronidazole is effective against anaerobes.

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4
Q

classify the bacteria: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

gram pos, cocci, commonly causes pyoderma

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5
Q

Classify the bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus

A

gram pos, cocci, humans

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6
Q

What drug has poor oral bioavailability in dogs?

  • itraconazole
  • amoxicillin
  • ciprofloxacin
  • nitrofurantoin
A

Ciprofloxacin has poor oral bioavailability.

Fluoroquinolone

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7
Q

What drug class is ciprofloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolone

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8
Q

What antibiotic drug class is contraindicated in renal disease patients?

A

Aminoglycosides (ie Gentamicin)

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9
Q

Classify the bacteria: E.coli

A

gram neg, rod

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10
Q

Classify the bacteria: clostridium

A

gram pos anaerobe

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11
Q

Classify the bacteria: Salmonella

A

gram neg aerobe

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12
Q

What drugs have reduced oral bioavailability when used with drugs that inc gastric pH?

A
  • azole anti fungals
  • diazepam
  • furosemide
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13
Q

Classify the bacteria: Fusobacterium

A

gram neg anaerobic rod

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14
Q

Classify the bacteria: Nocardia asteroides

A

gram pos

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15
Q

Classify the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa

A

Gram pos, aerobic, rod

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16
Q

What is the difference between first and third generation cephlosporins?

A

3rd gen have greater lactamase resistance

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17
Q

Are cephalosporins efffective against MRS?

A

NO

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18
Q

What is the recommended treatment for UTIs?

A

Amoxicillin (beta lactams have good bladder concentrations)

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of gentamicin?

A

Aminoglycoside - protein synthesis inhibition

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

A

Inhibition of folic acid

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Marbofloxacin?

A

Fluroquinolones - inhibit DNA replication

22
Q

What infections warrant 4-quadrant antibiotic empirical therapy?

A

Life threatening: septic peritonitis, aspiration pneumonia

23
Q

What are 2 acceptable empirical therapies for UTI?

A

Amoxicillin and Trimethoprim Sulfonamide

24
Q

What treatment is used for tritrichomonas foetus ?

A

Ronidazole

25
Q

What is an adverse effect seen at high doses of metronidazole?

A

Neurotoxicity

26
Q

What is the drug of choice for dermatophytosis?

A

Itraconazole

27
Q

Why are ketoconazole and cyclosporine sometimes combined?

A

P450 inhibition from ketoconazole can be used to reduce required doses of more expensive drugs

28
Q

Why must humans wear PPE when handling Chloramphenicol?

A

Can cause aplastic anemia in people

29
Q

What drugs are commonly used to treat antibiotic responsive gastritis?

A

Tylosin and metrondiazole

30
Q

What drug class is erythromycin?

A

Macrolide

31
Q

Name 2 macrolides.

A

Erythromycin

Tylosin

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of erythromycin?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

34
Q

What 2 drugs can cause esophageal damage and should always be chased with water?

A

Clindamycin

Doxycycline

35
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Giardia?

A

Fembendazole - pregnant animals
Metrondiazole - high doses
combination therapy
frequent bathing - cysts attach to coat

both extra-label use

36
Q

What drug class is doxycycline?

A

Tetracycline

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of doxycycline?

A

inhibits protein synthesis

38
Q

Which is preferred for pyoderma? Amoxicillin clavulanate or Amoxicillin

A

Amoxicillin clavulanate has more action against staph and strep

Amoxicillin ideal for urinary tract

39
Q

KCS, hypersensitivity, and secondary immune mediated thrombocytopenia are adverse effects seen with which class of antibiotics?

A

sulfonamides

40
Q

What drug can cause a red color in the urine, sclera and saliva?

A

Rifampin

41
Q

Which antibiotic classes are ineffective against anaerobes (3)?

A

Aminoglycosides
Enrofloxacin/Fluoriquinolones
Sulfonamides

42
Q

What causes methicillin resistance and what drugs are ineffective against MRS?

A

target modification of penicillin binding protein

MOA of beta lactams now ineffective
-bind to PBP on cell wall of bacteria

43
Q

How often are concentration dependent drugs dosed and what classes are conc dependent?

A

SID

Fluoroquinolones & aminoglycosides

JD SACM pharmacology (18 decks)

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