antibiotics/antifungal - session 2 Flashcards
session 2
What drug class can cause damage to cartilage in young rapidly growing animals?
Fluoroquinolones
Are gram neg cocci common pathogens in dogs and cats?
Not common.
Common: Gram neg rods (ie E.coli)
What bacterial species is metronidazole effective against?
Metronidazole is effective against anaerobes.
classify the bacteria: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
gram pos, cocci, commonly causes pyoderma
Classify the bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus
gram pos, cocci, humans
What drug has poor oral bioavailability in dogs?
- itraconazole
- amoxicillin
- ciprofloxacin
- nitrofurantoin
Ciprofloxacin has poor oral bioavailability.
Fluoroquinolone
What drug class is ciprofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolone
What antibiotic drug class is contraindicated in renal disease patients?
Aminoglycosides (ie Gentamicin)
Classify the bacteria: E.coli
gram neg, rod
Classify the bacteria: clostridium
gram pos anaerobe
Classify the bacteria: Salmonella
gram neg aerobe
What drugs have reduced oral bioavailability when used with drugs that inc gastric pH?
- azole anti fungals
- diazepam
- furosemide
Classify the bacteria: Fusobacterium
gram neg anaerobic rod
Classify the bacteria: Nocardia asteroides
gram pos
Classify the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Gram pos, aerobic, rod
What is the difference between first and third generation cephlosporins?
3rd gen have greater lactamase resistance
Are cephalosporins efffective against MRS?
NO
What is the recommended treatment for UTIs?
Amoxicillin (beta lactams have good bladder concentrations)
What is the mechanism of action of gentamicin?
Aminoglycoside - protein synthesis inhibition
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Inhibition of folic acid
What is the mechanism of action of Marbofloxacin?
Fluroquinolones - inhibit DNA replication
What infections warrant 4-quadrant antibiotic empirical therapy?
Life threatening: septic peritonitis, aspiration pneumonia
What are 2 acceptable empirical therapies for UTI?
Amoxicillin and Trimethoprim Sulfonamide
What treatment is used for tritrichomonas foetus ?
Ronidazole
What is an adverse effect seen at high doses of metronidazole?
Neurotoxicity
What is the drug of choice for dermatophytosis?
Itraconazole
Why are ketoconazole and cyclosporine sometimes combined?
P450 inhibition from ketoconazole can be used to reduce required doses of more expensive drugs
Why must humans wear PPE when handling Chloramphenicol?
Can cause aplastic anemia in people
What drugs are commonly used to treat antibiotic responsive gastritis?
Tylosin and metrondiazole
What drug class is erythromycin?
Macrolide
Name 2 macrolides.
Erythromycin
Tylosin
What is the mechanism of action of erythromycin?
Inhibits protein synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin?
Inhibits protein synthesis
What 2 drugs can cause esophageal damage and should always be chased with water?
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
What is the recommended treatment for Giardia?
Fembendazole - pregnant animals
Metrondiazole - high doses
combination therapy
frequent bathing - cysts attach to coat
both extra-label use
What drug class is doxycycline?
Tetracycline
What is the mechanism of action of doxycycline?
inhibits protein synthesis
Which is preferred for pyoderma? Amoxicillin clavulanate or Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin clavulanate has more action against staph and strep
Amoxicillin ideal for urinary tract
KCS, hypersensitivity, and secondary immune mediated thrombocytopenia are adverse effects seen with which class of antibiotics?
sulfonamides
What drug can cause a red color in the urine, sclera and saliva?
Rifampin
Which antibiotic classes are ineffective against anaerobes (3)?
Aminoglycosides
Enrofloxacin/Fluoriquinolones
Sulfonamides
What causes methicillin resistance and what drugs are ineffective against MRS?
target modification of penicillin binding protein
MOA of beta lactams now ineffective
-bind to PBP on cell wall of bacteria
How often are concentration dependent drugs dosed and what classes are conc dependent?
SID
Fluoroquinolones & aminoglycosides
