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JD SACM pharmacology > immunosupression - session 3/4 > Flashcards

immunosupression - session 3/4 Flashcards

session 3

1
Q

What is the target of Cyclosporine? (B cells or T cells)

A

T cells

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2
Q

What are adverse effects of Vincristine?

A 
peripheral neuropathy
severe ileus
thrombocytosis (useful in ITP)
lymphoma & TVT
Vessicant
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3
Q

What chemo drugs are vessicants?

A

Doxyrubicin & Vincristine

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4
Q

What drug causes ileus?

A

Vincristine

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide?

A

DNA alkylating agent

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6
Q

What is the MOA of azothioprine?

A

purine (nucleic acid) synthesis inhibitors

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7
Q

What is the MOA of the Chlorambucil?

A

DNA alkylating agent

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8
Q

What is the role of DNA alkylating agents?

A

Chemo: Inhibit DNA replication

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9
Q

What part of the cell cycle does vincristine affect?

A

Microtubule inhibitor - affects mitosis

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10
Q

What is the MOA of mycophenolate?

A

Purine (nucleic acid) synthesis inhibitor

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Leflunamide?

A

pyrimidine (nucleic acid) synthesis inhibitor

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12
Q

What drug class is Cisplatin?

A

Platinum Analog

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13
Q

Why is Cisplatin contraindicated in cats?

A

fatal pulmonary edema (SPLAT CATS)

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14
Q

What is Mitoxantrone used for?

A

AGASACA

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15
Q

Some drugs that may not be excreted from cells normally due to a mutation in the MDR protein. This can lead to an increased side effect profile in these patients. Should these patients be given a higher or lower dose than normal?

A

Reduced dose

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16
Q

Chemo drugs target rapidly dividing cells. Name 3 common side effects of chemo.

A

Alopecia
GI toxicity
Hematopoetic toxicity

17
Q

Name 4 adverse effects associated with Cyclosporine

A

vomiting/diarrhea
gingival hyperplasia
inc susceptibility to other infections

18
Q

Adverse effect of Doxorubicin in humans and dogs affect what system?

A

Cardiotoxic

19
Q

A metabolite of Cyclophosphamide can accumulate in which organ and cause what symptom?

A

Bladder

Sterile hemorrhage cystitis

20
Q

What is an AE of CCNU (Lomustine)?

A

hepatotoxicity

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of CCNU (Lomustine)?

A

DNA Alkylating Agent

22
Q

Which species have reduced ability to bioactivate prednisone, and thus should be prescribed prednisolone?

A

Cats and horses

23
Q

What toxicity is caused by Vincristine?

A

Neurotoxicity

24
Q

Which chemotherapy agent can be used to increase circulating platelet count?

A

Vincristine

25
Q

What are first line immunosupressive agents?

A

Glucocorticoids

26
Q

Why is it critical to taper long term immunosupressive doses to the lowest effective dose?

A

To minimize adverse effects. Short-term adverse effects must be tolerated initially to achieve disease remission.

27
Q

What is the use of mycophenolate?

A

Immunosupressive

28
Q

Is Azothioprine an immunosupressive or chemo agent?

A

Immunosupressive

29
Q

What are the most appropriate second-line immunosuppressive medications to consider in cats?

A

Chlorambucil or cyclosporine

30
Q

What are acceptable second-line immunosuppressive medications in dogs?

A

azathioprine, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate

31
Q

Dexamethasone is more/less potent when compared to Prednisone?

A

More (8x)

32
Q

Dexamethasone has a longer/shorter half life then prednisone?

A

Longer, not good for chronic use

33
Q

Which of the following immunosuppressive drugs causes gastrointestinal toxicity in up to 67% of patients?

A

Mycophenolate

34
Q

Which immunosuppressive drugs is used to treat atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs and perianal fistulas in dogs in addition to treating a variety of other immune-mediated diseases?

A

cyclosporine

35
Q

True or false: Topical otic preparations deliver high concentrations of antimicrobials to the ear canal

A

Topical otic medications deliver high concentrations of antimicrobials and glucocorticoids to the ear canal, so culture and susceptibility, which provides information about achievable serum levels of antimicrobials, is not typically needed for treatment of acute otitis

36
Q

Is C&S typically needed for treatment of acute otitis?

A

No

37
Q

best technique for direction of the otoscope

A

ventral, rostral, medial

38
Q

What drug will work the fastest to control the immune mediated thrombocytopenia and should be started immediately?

A

glucocorticoids as the first line of therapy for immune mediated disorders

  • rapid onset of action
  • broad immune-suppressive effects
  • low risk of immediate toxicity
  • low cost
39
Q

In addition to immunosuppressive therapy, what other medication is commonly recommended to start while pending serology for infectious causes of ITP?

A

concurrent treatment with doxycycline is often initiated with immunosuppressive drugs.” If the ITP is potentially secondary and caused by a tick-borne infection, doxycycline is needed to treat the underlying infection

JD SACM pharmacology (18 decks)

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