Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory - session 5 Flashcards
Which receptors modulate cardiac output through changes in inotropy and chronotropy?
beta 1 adrenergic
Where do you find beta 1 receptors?
cardiac
Where do you find beta 2 receptors?
smooth muscle lining bronchii & vessels going to big muscle groups needed for fight or flight
What are the affects of alpha 1 receptor agonism?
peripheral vasoconstriction
inc BP
What are the effects of alpha 2 receptor agonism?
sedation
peripheral vasoconstriction
What are the effects of beta 1 receptor agonism?
inc HR
inc contractility
inc Cardiac output
What are the effects of beta 2 receptor agonism?
relaxation of smooth muscle
bronchodilation
dilation of large vessels
inc airflow and blood supply to major muscle groups
What drug class is phenylephrine and when is it commonly used?
alpha 1 agonist
used in splenic entrapment in horses
What drug class is Dexmetomidine and what are its adverse effects?
alpha 2 agonist used for sedation and analgesia
peripheral vasoconstriction leads to adverse CV effects –> hypertension
reflex bradycardia
What drug class is Xylazine and what is it used for?
alpha 2 agonist used for sedation
emetic in cats
peripheral vasoconstriction leads to adverse CV effects –> hypertension
reflex bradycardia
Which physiological effect would you predict could result from non-specific beta-adrenergic antagonism of sotalol?
bronchoconstriction
What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
Aldosterone antagonist
potassium sparing
What drug class is Telmisartan and what is it used to treat?
ARB (Angiotensin receptor blocker)
used to treat feline hypertension (FDA approved)
What is the preferred ACE inhibitor in a patient with diminished renal function?
Benazepril
less renal clearance then Enalapril
In a patient with severe pulmonary edema as a result of left-sided heart failure. Which of the drug would likely provide the most immediate benefit to the patient?
Furosemide
What drug class is dopamine?
Sympathomimetic
At higher doses of this drug, beta-1 adrenergic and alpha-1 receptors might become activated. Which drug was most likely being administered?
Dopamine
dose dependent receptor agonism
Which diuretic is most likely to cause dehydration?
Furosemide
What are clinical signs of fluid overload?
Lethargy
pulmonary edema
bloating
runny nose
What drug class is Amlodipine and on what tissue does this class have its greatest effect on?
dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
causes vasodilation
-vascular smooth muscle
What drug class is Diltiazem and on what tissue does this class have its greatest effect on?
non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
act on myocardial cells
antiarrythmic
What is sildenafil indicated for the treatment of?
Pulmonary arterial hypertension and megaesophagus
What is the indication for using aspirin and what are adverse effects?
anti-thrombotic
vomiting, GI ulceration, bleeding
What is Clopidogrel indicated for?
anti-thrombotic
What disease process in cats predisposes them for arterial thromboembolism and what drug is indicated in these cases?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy & Cushings
Clopidogrel
What heartworm adulticide drug that commonly causes injection-site reactions in the epaxial muscles
melarsomine
What is melarsomine indicated for?
heart worm adulticide
What are 3 drugs used in heartworm prophylaxis and reduction of microfilaria?
Ivermectin
moxidectin
Mibemycin
What receptors does hydrocodone act on?
mu opioid receptor
What receptors does dextromethorphan act on?
NMDA receptor agonist
What receptors does butorphanol act on?
weak mu antagonist, kappa agonist
What are 2 class 1 anti-arrythmics and their MOA?
Sodium channel blockers
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
What are 2 class 2 anti-arrythmics and what are there MOA?
beta antagonists
Atenolol
Sotalol
Name a class 3 anti-arrythmic and its MOA
Diltiazem
Calcium channel blocker
