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JD SACM pharmacology > Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory - session 5 > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory - session 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which receptors modulate cardiac output through changes in inotropy and chronotropy?

A

beta 1 adrenergic

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2
Q

Where do you find beta 1 receptors?

A

cardiac

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3
Q

Where do you find beta 2 receptors?

A

smooth muscle lining bronchii & vessels going to big muscle groups needed for fight or flight

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4
Q

What are the affects of alpha 1 receptor agonism?

A

peripheral vasoconstriction

inc BP

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5
Q

What are the effects of alpha 2 receptor agonism?

A

sedation

peripheral vasoconstriction

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6
Q

What are the effects of beta 1 receptor agonism?

A

inc HR
inc contractility
inc Cardiac output

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7
Q

What are the effects of beta 2 receptor agonism?

A

relaxation of smooth muscle
bronchodilation
dilation of large vessels

inc airflow and blood supply to major muscle groups

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8
Q

What drug class is phenylephrine and when is it commonly used?

A

alpha 1 agonist

used in splenic entrapment in horses

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9
Q

What drug class is Dexmetomidine and what are its adverse effects?

A

alpha 2 agonist used for sedation and analgesia

peripheral vasoconstriction leads to adverse CV effects –> hypertension

reflex bradycardia

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10
Q

What drug class is Xylazine and what is it used for?

A

alpha 2 agonist used for sedation

emetic in cats

peripheral vasoconstriction leads to adverse CV effects –> hypertension

reflex bradycardia

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11
Q

Which physiological effect would you predict could result from non-specific beta-adrenergic antagonism of sotalol?

A

bronchoconstriction

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?

A

Aldosterone antagonist

potassium sparing

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13
Q

What drug class is Telmisartan and what is it used to treat?

A

ARB (Angiotensin receptor blocker)

used to treat feline hypertension (FDA approved)

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14
Q

What is the preferred ACE inhibitor in a patient with diminished renal function?

A

Benazepril

less renal clearance then Enalapril

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15
Q

In a patient with severe pulmonary edema as a result of left-sided heart failure. Which of the drug would likely provide the most immediate benefit to the patient?

A

Furosemide

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16
Q

What drug class is dopamine?

A

Sympathomimetic

17
Q

At higher doses of this drug, beta-1 adrenergic and alpha-1 receptors might become activated. Which drug was most likely being administered?

A

Dopamine

dose dependent receptor agonism

18
Q

Which diuretic is most likely to cause dehydration?

A

Furosemide

19
Q

What are clinical signs of fluid overload?

A

Lethargy
pulmonary edema
bloating
runny nose

20
Q

What drug class is Amlodipine and on what tissue does this class have its greatest effect on?

A

dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
causes vasodilation
-vascular smooth muscle

21
Q

What drug class is Diltiazem and on what tissue does this class have its greatest effect on?

A

non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
act on myocardial cells

antiarrythmic

22
Q

What is sildenafil indicated for the treatment of?

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension and megaesophagus

23
Q

What is the indication for using aspirin and what are adverse effects?

A

anti-thrombotic

vomiting, GI ulceration, bleeding

24
Q

What is Clopidogrel indicated for?

A

anti-thrombotic

25
Q

What disease process in cats predisposes them for arterial thromboembolism and what drug is indicated in these cases?

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy & Cushings

Clopidogrel

26
Q

What heartworm adulticide drug that commonly causes injection-site reactions in the epaxial muscles

A

melarsomine

27
Q

What is melarsomine indicated for?

A

heart worm adulticide

28
Q

What are 3 drugs used in heartworm prophylaxis and reduction of microfilaria?

A

Ivermectin
moxidectin
Mibemycin

29
Q

What receptors does hydrocodone act on?

A

mu opioid receptor

30
Q

What receptors does dextromethorphan act on?

A

NMDA receptor agonist

31
Q

What receptors does butorphanol act on?

A

weak mu antagonist, kappa agonist

32
Q

What are 2 class 1 anti-arrythmics and their MOA?

A

Sodium channel blockers

Lidocaine
Mexiletine

33
Q

What are 2 class 2 anti-arrythmics and what are there MOA?

A

beta antagonists

Atenolol
Sotalol

34
Q

Name a class 3 anti-arrythmic and its MOA

A

Diltiazem

Calcium channel blocker

JD SACM pharmacology (18 decks)

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