GI session 9/10 Flashcards
True or false: it is essential for the CRTZ to have a functional blood brain barrier
FALSE: The CRTZ is exposed to the blood, just like the rest of the areas of the CNS that DO have functional BBB. In fact, it is essential that CRTZ does not have a functional BBB or it would not be able to continuously ‘sample’ the chemical composition of blood
Which drug has become a first-line antiemetic in dogs and cats, and has an injectable formulation that may cause less stinging when chilled before injection.
Maropitant
Metoclopramide is used first as a prokinetic. Which of its side effects gives it a second use?
Antiemetic
Diphenhydramine, a ‘first-generation’ antihistamine (H1 receptor antagonist), is typical of many first-generation antihistamines in that it has anticholinergic (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) effects. Name some anticholinergic effects.
ileus
xerostoma (dry mouth)
urinary retention
dry eye
What drug class is apomorphine?
Dopamine agonist
What drug class is loperamide?
opioid
What drug class is Diphenoxylate?
Opioid
Is Diphenhydramine an effective antiemetic in cats?
ineffective in cats, inconsistant effectiveness in dogs
low bioavilability in dogs (<10%)
Preciosa, an 8-year-old, 25-pound Minatare Poodle, is well-known at your clinic because she tolerates handling, even rough handling, anywhere on her body, EXCEPT anything involving opening her mouth, at which point she becomes completely unhinged. You are seeing Preciosa on emergency because she very recently consumed an unknown quantity of baker’s chocolate. If you choose to administer an emetic, which emetic would be the best choice?
Apomorphine - injectable!
When oral antacids are co-administered to patients taking a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug, what order should the drugs be given in?
Administer the fluoroquinolone, wait 2 hours, then give antacid
Aluminum containing antacids and sucralfate can prevent oral absorption of drugs that chelate with aluminum. When given together, which drug classes should be given 2 hours prior to ensure absorption?
Fluoroquinolones
Digoxin
Tetracyclines
Which drug class has an evidence-basis for being the most effective choice to attain a sustained gastric pH increase?
PPI
Omeprazole, Pantoprazole
Which drug drug forms a polymeric barrier over the gastric mucosa
Sucralfate
Sulfasalazine and 5-ASA are used to treat inflammatory bowel disease occurring in the
large intestine
___________ is an appetite stimulant with documented effectiveness in cats, while _______ stimulates growth hormone release and is an FDA-approved appetite stimulant in dogs.
mirtazapine, capromorelin
What is the treatment for Tritrchomonas?
Ronidazole
What is Praziquantel used to treat?
Cestodes
What condition should you rule out before prescribing Maropitant?
obstruction
Are H2 antagonists such as Famotidine effective in the prevention of gastric ulceration associated with NSAID administration?
NO
used for treatment of ulcers, nor prevention
Which GI protectant is effective at preventing ulcers when given with NSAIDs but not with glucocorticoids?
Misprostol
What is an AE effect of metronidazole?
Neurotoxicity
Which form of chronic enteropathy is most commonly diagnosed in young patients?
food responsive enteropathy
Why would testing a blood cobalamin level be potentially indicated in patients presenting with chronic gastrointestinal signs?
Cobalamin deficiency can support a diagnosis of distal small intestinal enteropathy
- absorbed in the ileum
- most helpful in cats
- deficiency can cause anemia, weakness, and contribute to diarrhea
- vitamin B12
- water soluble therefore excess levels excreted by kidney
What signalment indicates abdominal imaging may be helpful in cases of chronic enteropathy?
older patients with weight loss, palpable abnormalities (mass), progressive and severe clinical signs
What are the 2 drugs prescribed to manage antibiotic-responsive enteropathy?
Metrondiazole and Tylosin
What drug class is Budesonide?
Glucocorticoid
helpful in chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Why quality of Budesonide makes it good for treating steroid responsive chronic enteropathy?
orally administered
high topical activity with low systemic bioavailability
What is the recommended length for an elimination diet trial in a patient with suspected food responsive enteropathy?
2-4 weeks
What is the recommended length for a patient with suspected food responsive enteropathy who is showing signs of cutaneous adverse food reaction?
8-12 weeks with cutaneous signs
Name signs of GI adverse food reactions
- inc daily number of bowel movements
- cutaneous signs
- otitis externa
- pruritus
