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Ellie's Body Logistics > Sesh 6: Epithelial Tissues, Exocrine Glands And Dermatology > Flashcards

Sesh 6: Epithelial Tissues, Exocrine Glands And Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A

They line internal tubes that are open to the exterior & contain mucous-secreting cells.

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of a mucosal membrane?

A
  1. Epithelium-lines lumen
  2. Lamina propria- connective tissue layer
  3. Muscularis mucosa- in alimentary tract
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3
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

Thin, 2 part-membranes lining closed body cavities.

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4
Q

What are the 2 layers that make up serous membranes?

A
  1. Mesothelium- simple squamous epithelium

2. This connective tissue layer containing blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

The outer serosal layer surrounding a serous cavity is the ________ serosa, and the inner is the ________ serosa.

A
  1. Parietal

2. Visceral

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6
Q

What is the definition of epithelia?

A

Sheets of contiguous cells of varied embryonic origin that cover the external body surface, and line internal surfaces.

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7
Q

Do epithelia have a blood supply?

A

No, they are avascular.

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8
Q

Give examples of where simple squamous epithelium is found.

A
  • alveoli
  • mesothelium
  • lining of vasculature
  • parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
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9
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A
  • thryoid follicles
  • kidney tubule
  • ovary surface
  • small ducts of many exocrine glands
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10
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A
  • stomach lining and gastric glands
  • small intestine and colon-villi and microvilli
  • crypts of Lieberkuhn
  • fallopian tubes-ciliated
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11
Q

What is simple pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Looks like more that 1 cell layer, but every cell contacts the basement membrane, even if some do not reach the surface.

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12
Q

Where is non-keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium found?

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Oesophagus
  • Vagina
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13
Q

What are the main functions of non-keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  • Protects against abrasion

- Reduces water loss whilst providing moist surface

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14
Q

Give an example of where keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium is found.

A

Epidermis of the skin.

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15
Q

What are the 4 layers of the epidermis of the skin (from apical to basolateral)?

A
  1. Horny layer- stratum corneum
  2. Granular layer
  3. Prickle cell layer
  4. Basal layer- stratum basale
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16
Q

In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?

A

Basal layer

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17
Q

In what epidermis layer does terminal differentiation begin?

A

Prickle cell layer

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18
Q

What is the stratum corneum of the epidermis composed of?

A
  • Flattened corneocytes.

- Almost pure keratin

19
Q

What layer of epidermis contains Langerhans cells?

A

Prickle cell layer

20
Q

Where can transitional, stratified epithelium be found?

A
  • Bladder
  • Ureters (urothelium)
  • Renal calyces
21
Q

Name 2 main functions of transitional, stratified epithelium.

A
  1. Distensibility

2. Protects underlying tissue from toxic chemicals

22
Q

Why do some people have darker/more tanned skin than others?

A

Their melanocytes produce melanosomes, containing the pigment melanin, which last for longer.
*Don’t have more melanocytes.

23
Q

What are glands?

A

Invaginations of epithelium specialised for secretion.

24
Q

What is the name given to the method of secretion of most glands?

A

Merocrine (exocytosis).

25
Q

Give an example of a gland that uses apocrine secretion.

A

Mammary gland

26
Q

Give an example of a gland that uses holocrine secretion.

A

Sebaceous gland of skin…whole cell breaks down during secretion.

27
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands.

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Sublingual
  3. Submandibular
28
Q

List the 7 functions of skin.

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Thermal regulation and insulation
  4. Excretion and secretion
  5. Endocrine
  6. Immunity
  7. Growth
29
Q

Why are dark-skinned individuals more at risk of Ricket’s in temperate climates?

A

Melanosomes last for longer, meaning they get more UV protection, so are at risk of vit D deficiency–> bone demineralisation.

30
Q

What is the disease characterised by a complete loss of melanocytes?

A

Albinism

31
Q

What is the dermatological term for redness?

A

Erythema/rubor

32
Q

What is the dermatological term for heat?

A

Calor

33
Q

What is the dermatological term for swelling?

A

Tumor

34
Q

What is the dermatological term for pain?

A

Dolor

35
Q

What is the dermatological term for loss of function?

A

Functio laesa

36
Q

What are the 6 signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Redness- rubor
  2. Heat- calor
  3. Pain- dolor (symptom, not sign)
  4. Swelling- tumor
  5. Loss of function- functio laesa
  6. Itching- pruritus
37
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Skin thickening with exaggerated skin markings e.g. In eczema on flexors.

38
Q

What areas of skin does eczema mainly affect?

A

The flexors.

39
Q

What is eczema caused by?

A

An increased immune reaction to allergens, leading to inflammation of the skin.

40
Q

What is psoriasis caused by?

A

Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in skin epidermis…cannot be shed quick enough, leading to lesions.
Also get infiltration of leukocytes, leading to inflammation.

41
Q

What surfaces does psoriasis commonly affect?

A

Extensor surfaces and scalp.

42
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

An inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicle.

43
Q

What are the 2 main causes of acne?

A
  1. Hormonal-androgens

2. Excess sebum production

Ellie's Body Logistics (13 decks)

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