Sesh 5: Surface Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 steps of clinical examination?
- Inspection (observation)
- Palpation
- Percussion (tapping)
- Auscultation (listening)
How can the clavicle be used as an anatomical landmark?
The 1st intercostal space is directly beneath it, so can count from here.
Apex of lung is just superior to it.
During observation, what are you looking for in broad terms?
- Cutaneous features- know structures beneath e.g. Superior border of liver=beneath nipples
- Posture and gait e.g. Deformity in thoracic spine=chifosis; Parkinson’s stoop and shuffle
- Comparisons and symmetry
What are the steps in assessing joint function and pathology?
- Look
- Feel
- Move
What is the definition of surface anatomy?
The study of external features of the body, that can be visualised without dissection.
Where is the sternal angle/angle of Louis located?
At the manubriosternal joint.
What structure in the neck forms the ‘adams apple’?
Thyroid cartilage.
How can you count intercostal spaces?
Find the sternal angle, palpate the 2nd rib, and inferior to this =2nd intercostal space- count from here.
What vertebral level is the umbilicus at?
L3-L4 at level of bifurcation of the aorta.
Which is more lateral, the ulna or radius?
Radius
At what vertebrae level is the iliac crest?
L4.
On what surface of the thigh is the greater trochanter?
Lateral surface.
What surface of the proximal tibia is the tibial tuberosity found?
Anterior.
How can you find a brachial pulse?
Just medial to the biceps tendon.
What is superior to the tibial tuberosity?
The patellar tendon- hit during knee jerk reflex
Where is the medial malleolus?
At the distal end of the tibia, at the ankle.
Where is the lateral malleolus?
At the distal end of the fibula, at the ankle.
What is the correct anatomical name for the ‘heel bone’?
The calcaneum.
What angle do you have to find when performing a jaw thrust?
Angle of mandible.
What is just lateral to the midclavicular line (level of nipples)?
The 4th intercostal space….not in women or men with gynaecomastia.
Where is the radial artery in relation to the Flexor Carpi Radialis tendon?
Lateral
What can happen to the thenar eminence in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Can atrophy.
Why are fractures of the anterior subcutaneous tibia often open?
Because the bone is so superficial.
What superficial artery and nerve are at risk during cubital fossa venepuncture?
Brachial artery and median nerve.
