Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochemistry Post Midterm > Serum Proteins > Flashcards

Serum Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

what are the proteins in the alpha 1 band?

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin
alpha fetoprotein
transcortin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the proteins in the alpha 2 band?

A

alpha 2 macroglobulin
ceruloplasmin
haptoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the proteins in the beta band?

A

transferrin
hemopexin
beta lipoprotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the proteins in the gamma band?

A

immunoglobins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE) - synthesized by plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which bands contain proteins synthesized by the liver?

A

albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which band contains proteins synthesized by plasma cells?

A

gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when albumin levels are low?

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are albumin glycosylated?

A

blood at high BGL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is albumin made?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are the aa in albumin stabilized?

A

internal disulfide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is serum albumin an indicator of?

A

nutritional status

liver synthetic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do low albumin levels indicate?

A

severe liver damage

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does albumin presence in urine indicate?

A

damage to the basement membrane of the glomerulus (kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is alpha 1 antitrypsin made?

A

liver, N-glycosylated (asparagine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does alpha 1 antitrypsin do?

A

inhibits neutrophil elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does cigarette smoke do to alpha 1 antitrypsin?

A

oxidizes the methoinine residue that is needed to bind to elastase - now the alpha 1 trypsin isn’t working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is alpha fetoprotein a marker for?

A

cancer of liver, ovaries or testies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do high maternal levels of AFP indicate?

A

fetal neural tube defects - spina bifida etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do low maternal levels of AFP indicate?

A

down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is transcortin synthesized?

A

in the liver and the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does retinol binding protein do?

A

transport retinol (vitamin a) in blood from liver to peripheral tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is retinol stored in the liver?

A

retinyl esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does alpha 2 macroglobulun do?

A

protease (plasmin anad thrombin) inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is low levels of ceruloplasmin characteristic of?

A

Wilsons disease

- due to less attachment of copper to ceruloplasmin - the copper accumulates in the tissues = Kayser-fleischer rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does hepatoglobin do?
binds to free hemoglobin so its not lost!
26
what does transferrin do?
takes the ferric ions (Fe3+) made form ceruloplasmin and transports it to intestine, liver and bone marrow and spleen
27
what does hemopexin do?
binds to free heme and prevents iron loss by kidneys
28
what stimulates the synthesis of positive acute phase reactants?
cytokines
29
what will spike (increase fraction) with acute inflammation?
alpha 1 and alpha 2
30
what is CPR measured by?
specific test - only present during inflammation
31
what are the 5 proteins in the gamma band?
IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD, IgG
32
how is retinol stored in the liver?
retinyl esters
33
what does alpha 2 macroglobulun do?
protease (plasmin anad thrombin) inhibitor
34
what does alpha 2 macroglobulun do?
protease (plasmin anad thrombin) inhibitor
35
what does alpha 2 macroglobulun do?
protease (plasmin anad thrombin) inhibitor
36
what is low levels of ceruloplasmin characteristic of?
Wilsons disease | - due to less attachment of copper to ceruloplasmin - the copper accumulates in the tissues = Kayser-fleischer rings
37
what is low levels of ceruloplasmin characteristic of?
Wilsons disease | - due to less attachment of copper to ceruloplasmin - the copper accumulates in the tissues = Kayser-fleischer rings
38
what is low levels of ceruloplasmin characteristic of?
Wilsons disease | - due to less attachment of copper to ceruloplasmin - the copper accumulates in the tissues = Kayser-fleischer rings
39
what does hepatoglobin do?
binds to free hemoglobin so its not lost!
40
what does hepatoglobin do?
binds to free hemoglobin so its not lost!
41
what does transferrin do?
takes the ferric ions (Fe3+) made form ceruloplasmin and transports it to intestine, liver and bone marrow and spleen
42
what does transferrin do?
takes the ferric ions (Fe3+) made form ceruloplasmin and transports it to intestine, liver and bone marrow and spleen
43
what does hemopexin do?
binds to free heme and prevents iron loss by kidneys
44
what does hemopexin do?
binds to free heme and prevents iron loss by kidneys
45
what stimulates the synthesis of positive acute phase reactants?
cytokines
46
what will spike (increase fraction) with acute inflammation?
alpha 1 and alpha 2
47
what is CPR measured by?
specific test - only present during inflammation
48
what are the 5 proteins in the gamma band?
IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD, IgG
49
Talk about IgM
found in blood and lymph | 1st antibody produced in response to infection
50
Talk about IgM
found in blood and lymph | 1st antibody produced in response to infection
51
talk about IgG
found in all body fluids small, most common antibody produced on repeated expsure to infection crosses placenta and give immunity to baby
52
talk about IgG
found in all body fluids small, most common antibody produced on repeated expsure to infection crosses placenta and give immunity to baby
53
talk about IgE
found in lung, skin, mucous membranes | secreted in allergi reactions
54
talk about IgE
found in lung, skin, mucous membranes | secreted in allergi reactions
55
talk about IgA
found in body secretions | protects body surfaces
56
talk about IgA
found in body secretions | protects body surfaces
57
talk about IgD
role in serum uncertain
58
talk about IgD
role in serum uncertain
59
what does albumin bind to and transport
- free calcium - free fatty acids - hormones - thyroxine - unconjugated bilirubin
60
what is the binding of albumin to Ca2+ influenced by? explain?
influence by pH - if there is high pH or alkalosis, it makes albumin more negative which increases albumins affinity for calcium - so now, more free calcium is taken up from blood and bound to albumin. Therefore, you get hypocalacemia because the calcium is out of blood and in albumin
61
in what state does albumin transport free fatty acids?
fasting state
62
what hormone does albumin bind to?
thyroxine
63
what are the 2 major causes of hypoalbuminemia?
``` decreased synthesis of albumin - malnutrition - Kwarsakor disease -chronic liver cirrhosis increase loss of albumin - severe burns -loss of albumin in urine ```
64
where is alpha fetoprotein abundant?
fetal plasma
65
alpha 1 antitrypsin exists in polymorphic forms, which form is normal and which is defective?
M allell is normal | Z and S allele are defective
66
individuals who are homozygous for Z allele (ZZ) have a risk of developing what?
pulomnary disease | liver disease - accum. of A1AT in liver because only 15% is being secreted
67
levels of what are 10 fold increased in nephrotic syndrome?
alpha 2 macroglobulin - why? its so big, you lose albumin, but macroglobulin stays behind so its stuck
68
where are low levels of serum free hepatoglobin levels found?
in patients with acute hemolysis - can be used to monitor patients with hemolytic anemia
69
how many Fe3+ atoms can bind to 1 tranferrin?
2
70
what does Beta globin proteins have that make it overall postive charge?
LDL - have Apo B 100 which is +
71
where did CRP get its name?
reacted with the C-polypeptide of pneumococcus
71
what will you see with acute inflammation?
``` albumin: down alpha 1: up Alpha 2: up Beta: normal gamma: normal ```
72
what will you see with liver cirrhosis?
``` albumin: down alpha 1: normal Alpha 2: down ish Beta: up gamma: up IgA = UP ```
73
what will you see with nephrotic syndrome?
``` albumin: down - excreted in urine alpha 1: down Alpha 2: up - macroglobulins (too big) Beta: down gamma: down ```
74
what will you see with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
``` albumin: normal alpha 1: down Alpha 2: normal Beta: normal gamma: normal ```
75
what will you see with hypogammaglobulinemia?
``` albumin: normal alpha 1: normal Alpha 2: normal Beta: normal gamma: down ```
76
what will you see with multiple myeloma?
``` albumin: normal alpha 1: normal Alpha 2: normal Beta: normal gamma: up ```
77
what will you see with multiple myeloma?
``` albumin: normal alpha 1: normal Alpha 2: normal Beta: normal gamma: up ```

Biochemistry Post Midterm (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions