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Biochemistry Post Midterm > Integrated Metabolism > Flashcards

Integrated Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

where is the majority of our energy reserve?

A

adipose - TAG 83%

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2
Q

what two ways can adipocytes metabolically turnover TAGS?

A 
mobilization = lipolysis (HS Lipase)
Synthesis = lipgenesis (LPL)
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3
Q

what are the precursor molecules needed for the synthesis of TAG?

A

glycerol 3-P

fatty acids

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4
Q

in what state does the synthesis of TAGs occur?

A

well fed state

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5
Q

what does leptin induce the expression of and activate of?

A

UCP 2

AMPK

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6
Q

what is obestiy linked with?

A

insulin resistance

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7
Q

what is adipose tissue regulated by?

A

nutritional
metabolic and
hormonal factors

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8
Q

what is lipolysis?

A

TAGs are hydrolyzed - broken down

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9
Q

what is esterification?

A

TAGs are formed - the process

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10
Q

what are the precursor molecules for the synthesis of TAGs?

A

glycerol 3 P

FA

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11
Q

what has all the enzymes for FA synthesis? what is ironic about this

A

adipocytes

they only contribute to a minor amount of FA de novo synthesis in humans!

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12
Q

what enzymes do adipocytes not have?

A

glycerol kinase

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13
Q

what is the purpose of glycerol kinase?

A

Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol degradation.

This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is:
phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol phosphate
converted to DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) which can participate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis.

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14
Q

what does insulin ruling stimulate the increasing numbers of what receptors?

A

GLUT 4 - its insulin dependent

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15
Q

where do glycerol and CM remnants go to?

A

the liver

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16
Q

abdominal white adipose tissue is very responsive to what which leads to what?

A

epinephrine

leads to release of FA - which extra FA goes to liver and increases VLDL

17
Q

what is thermogenin UCP -1?

A

mitochondrial OXPHOS uncoupler

18
Q

what is absence of adipose tissue associated with?

A

severe insulin resistance

loss of hormonal signals from adipose
dysreg. of TAG and FA levels

19
Q

what gene is associatedf with leptin and where are its receptors?

A

ob gene

hypothalamus

20
Q

what does leptin induce expression of ?

A

UCP-2

21
Q

what does leptin do?

A

supress appetite

activates AMPK

22
Q

what is AMPK?

A

regulated fuel metabolism by phosphorylation - so everything that takes place at low insulin/glucagon ratio!

  • increase catabolic (building ) - increased beta ox
  • turn off anabolic (breakdown) - no glycogen, TAG or FA/cholsterol sun, decrease protein synthesis
23
Q

what is obesity linked to?

A

insulin resistance - hyperinsulinemia

24
Q

what does insulin ruling stimulate the increasing numbers of what receptors?

A

GLUT 4 - its insulin dependent

25
Q

where do glycerol and CM remnants go to?

A

the liver

26
Q

abdominal white adipose tissue is very responsive to what which leads to what?

A

epinephrine

leads to release of FA - which extra FA goes to liver and increases VLDL

27
Q

what is thermogenin UCP -1?

A

mitochondrial OXPHOS uncoupler

28
Q

what is absence of adipose tissue associated with?

A

severe insulin resistance

loss of hormonal signals from adipose
dysreg. of TAG and FA levels

29
Q

what gene is associatedf with leptin and where are its receptors?

A

ob gene

hypothalamus

30
Q

what does leptin induce expression of ?

A

UCP-2

31
Q

what does leptin do?

A

supress appetite

activates AMPK

32
Q

what is AMPK?

A

regulated fuel metabolism by phosphorylation

  • increase catabolic (building ) - increased beta ox
  • turn off anabolic (breakdown) - no glycogen, TAG or FA/cholsterol sun, decrease protein synthesis
33
Q

what is obesity linked to?

A

insulin resistance - hyperinsulinemia

34
Q

what two things regulate glycolysis and glycogen degradation in muscles?

A

AMP and Ca2+

Biochemistry Post Midterm (24 decks)

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