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Biochemistry Post Midterm > Liver Function Test > Flashcards

Liver Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

what type of test is liver function tests (LFT)?

A

combination of biochemical tests (a panel of tests)

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2
Q

what are spinder angioma, palmar erythema, and gynecomastia due to?

A

increased conversion of the testosterone to estrogen - stigmata of chronic cirrhosis

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3
Q

what does the LFT test for?

A

excretory function
serum enzyme levels
synthetic function
metabolic function

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4
Q

increase in total serum bilirubin
increase in conjugated bilirubin
increase in unconjugated bilirubin

A

hepatitis

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5
Q

increase in only conjugated bilirubin?

A

intrahepatic cholestasis

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6
Q

what are the two types of disorders in liver?

A

cholestasis

  • intrahepatic - inflammation fo hepatocytes –> compression od CBD/chronic liver cancer
  • extrahepatic cholestasis - gall stone or tumor blocking CBD
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7
Q

when may serum conjugated bilirubin be elevated?

A

in intra or extra hepatic cholestasis

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8
Q

what do the enzyme levels in serum tell you?

A

whether the disease is hepatocellular or cholestasis

extent of damage

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9
Q

what are the two aminotransferases (transaminases) in hepatocellular injury?

A

ALT

AST

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10
Q

which specifically increases with acute liver disease?

A

ALT

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11
Q

what does a ratio of AST:ALT 2:1 indicate?

A

long standing alcohol cirrhosis

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12
Q

what 3 tissues secrete ALP?

A

biliary canaliculi
placenta
osteoblasts from bone

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13
Q

what are the enzymes that indicate chlestasis?

A

ALP

GGT

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14
Q

what does elevated GGT and ALP indicate?

A

biliary stasis (intra or extra hepatic)

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15
Q

what does elevated ALP and no GGT indicate?

A

cause of elevated ALP is non-hepatic - bone, placenta etc.

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16
Q

What does elevated GGT and no ALP indicate?

A

recent alcohol or drug use

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17
Q

what is it when biliary tree is dilated?

A

extrahepatic cholestasis

17
Q

what is it when biliary tree is not dilated?

A

intrahepatic cholestasis

18
Q

what is long standing chronic liver disease characterized by?

A

low serum albumin = edema

18
Q

what two things cause ascities?

A

portal hypertension

hypoalbuminemia

19
Q

what does the synthetic function of liver test tell you?

A

if the disease is chronic or of short duration

19
Q

when is the gamma band usually elevated?

A

with cirrhosis

20
Q

which clotting factors require vitamin K?

A

2,7,9,10

20
Q

what 2 things contribute to increase prothrombin time?

A

reduced synthesis of clotting factors
reduced gamma carboxylation because of low vitamin K

or a combination of both

21
Q

what levels increase in end stage liver disease?

A

blood ammonia levels rise - impairment of urea formation by the liver

21
Q

what is fatty liver?

A

excessive deposition of TAG in liver

22
Q

what does AFP levels tell you?

A

tumor marker for patients with liver cancer

22
Q

what can serum iron, transferrin and ferritin tell you?

A

hemochromatosis

23
Q

what can ceruloplasmin levels tell you?

A

wilson’s disease

23
Q

which clotting factors require vitamin K?

A

2,7,9,10

24
Q

what 2 things contribute to increase prothrombin time?

A

reduced synthesis of clotting factors
reduced gamma carboxylation because of low vitamin K

or a combination of both

24
Q

what 2 things contribute to increase prothrombin time?

A

reduced synthesis of clotting factors
reduced gamma carboxylation because of low vitamin K

or a combination of both

25
Q

what levels increase in end stage liver disease?

A

blood ammonia levels rise - impairment of urea formation by the liver

25
Q

what levels increase in end stage liver disease?

A

blood ammonia levels rise - impairment of urea formation by the liver

26
Q

what is fatty liver?

A

excessive deposition of TAG in liver

26
Q

what is fatty liver?

A

excessive deposition of TAG in liver

27
Q

what does AFP levels tell you?

A

tumor marker for patients with liver cancer

27
Q

what does AFP levels tell you?

A

tumor marker for patients with liver cancer

28
Q

what can serum iron, transferrin and ferritin tell you?

A

hemochromatosis

28
Q

what can serum iron, transferrin and ferritin tell you?

A

hemochromatosis

29
Q

what can ceruloplasmin levels tell you?

A

wilson’s disease

29
Q

what can ceruloplasmin levels tell you?

A

wilson’s disease

Biochemistry Post Midterm (24 decks)

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