Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry Post Midterm > Fed Fast > Flashcards

Fed Fast Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main hormone regulators of BGL?

A
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • epinephrine
  • cortisol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is GLUT 2 used?

A

used for liver uptake of glucose
used for liver release of glucose

It is the principal transporter for transfer of glucose between liver and blood, and for renal glucose reabsorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which organ buffers BGL?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which tissue stores and degrades glucose?

A

adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when is GLUT 4 used?

A

in adipose tissue after a meal to take up glucose and FA –> then TAGS are synthesized

muscles use to take up glucose

Heart uses it too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do muscles do after a meal?

A

take up glucose via GLUT 4 and amino acids and perform glycogen synthesis and protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is GLUT 1 for?

A

the brain - it always needs glucose!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is postprandial?

A

2-3 hours after a meal - high insulin/glucagon ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what has a central role in reducing postprandial glucose levels?

A

the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens in the postprandial phase?

A

dietary monosaccharide take up by intestinal mucosal cells via SGLT -1 and GLUT 5 and are released via GLUT 2 into the portal vein?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the order to events after eating!

A

glycogen stores filled
glycolysis - liver, adipose, muscle
FA, TAG and cholesterol synthesis
protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is postabsorptive phase?

A

5-7 hours after food intake - low insulin/glucagon ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the order of events in postabsorptive phase?

A

release glucose - glycogen degrad, gluconeogenesis
hepatocytes release free glucose by GLUT 2
mobilize TAGS - FA + glycerol
beta oxidation - liver and muscle
ketone body synthesis - liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the major role of the liver in postabsorptive phase?

A

to prevent a major drop of BGL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when are liver glycogen stores empty

A

after one day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens during early phases of starving/fasting? - 2,3 days after food

A

release of glucose in blood by liver glycogen degradation and gluconeogenesis

17
Q

what happens after liver glycogen stores are depleted (after 24 hours)?

A

only gluconeogenesis will provide blood glucose

18
Q

what happens under stress situations? - just read…

A
  • the pituitary gland releases ACTH which stimulates release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
  • Cortisol leads in the adrenal medulla to methylationof norepinephrineto epinephrine (PNMT, using SAM) and release of both catecholaminesinto the blood
  • Epinephrine inhibits insulin release from b-cells of pancreas and stimulates glucagon release from a-cells of pancreas
19
Q

what is metabolic homeostasis?

A

results from communication between tissues regarding fuel energy in the body

20
Q

how is metabolic homeostasis achieved?

A

by availability of substrates via levels of hormones and also some from the nervous system

21
Q

why is a continuously high BGL bad?

A

leads to non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins, including hemoglobin HbA1 which leads to HbA1c.

22
Q

where are there glucagon receptors? where are there insulin receptors?

A

glucagon receptors - liver heptaocyte

insulin receptors - found in many cells

23
Q

how does epinephrine support liver metabolism?

A

supports liver glycogen degadation (phosphorylation cascade)

24
Q

how does cortisol support liver metabolism?

A

supports gluconeogenesis by induction of PEPCK

25
Q

what is needed for long term gluconeogenesis?

A

cortisol

26
Q

what inhibits insulin release?

A

epinephrine

27
Q

what stimulates insulin release?

A

glucose and aa - esp. leucine (dietary ess. aa) and arginine

28
Q

what inhibits glucagon release?

A

glucose

29
Q

what is glucagon release stimulated by?

A

epinephrine and aa - esp. alanin and arginine

30
Q

what leads to both release of insulin and glucagon?

A

arginine

31
Q

what are the key factors in regulation of inside cells and via hormones in blood?

A
  • availability of substrate - min
  • allosteric regulation by positive / negative heterotropic effectors - min
  • covalent modification of enzymes (phos/dephos) - min –> hr
  • synthesis of new enzymes molecules - hr–> days
32
Q

what does active protein kinase A (cAMP) do?

A

phos key enzymes - associated with glucagona nd epinephrine

33
Q

what does high insulin do to lipoprotein lipase?

A

activate it! - to synthesize TAGS and store FA!

34
Q

what uses BCAA for energy metaoblism

A

muscle cells insulin ruling

Biochemistry Post Midterm (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions