Serum Dilution Flashcards
What is Serum dilution?
It is a laboratory technique used to reduce the concentration of substances present in the serum, the liquid portion of blood obtained after coagulation.
Serum Dilution
It involves adding a known volume of a diluent, typically a buffered saline solution, to a smaller volume of serum, resulting in a…
lower concentration of analytes.
Serum dilution is essential in various medical and research applications… why?
It can accurately measure and analyze specific components in the blood.
In medical diagnostics, serum dilution is frequently employed to quantify substances present in the blood at extremely high concentrations.
These substances may include…
hormones, enzymes, proteins, electrolytes, and various other analytes.
When certain components are present in excess, they can saturate the measurement assays, leading to…
By diluting…
Leads to inaccurate results.
By diluting the serum, the concentration of the target analyte falls within the linear range of the assay, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements.
Researchers also use ______techniques to investigate specific blood components and study their behavior under various conditions.
______enable researchers to explore a broader range of concentrations and observe how different factors may influence the analyte of interest.
serum dilution
Dilutions
The serum dilution process involves precise measurements and calculations to ensure accurate dilution ratios.
Careful attention must be given to maintaining the dilution accuracy, as inaccuracies can significantly impact test results and lead to…
misinterpretation of the data.
In this laboratory procedure, the diluent is added in incremental steps, and each step is mixed thoroughly to achieve homogeneity before further dilution.
The final diluted serum can be tested using various laboratory techniques, such as (3), to measure the concentration of the target analyte accurately.
immunoassays
spectrophotometry
chromatography
is a crucial technique used in clinical laboratories and research settings to reduce the concentration of substances in the blood serum for accurate measurement and analysis.
serum dilution
By carefully diluting the serum, healthcare professionals and researchers can…
obtain reliable data and make informed decisions in diagnosing and studying various medical conditions and biochemical processes.
Serum is sometimes diluted in saline or other diluents to determine its relative antibody concentration.
It is customary to express the dilution as 1 part of_____ contained in the total number of parts of the dilution.
For example, to test the serum at one-tenth its original concentration, a dilution of 1 part in_ may be made by mixing 1 mL of serum with____ of saline.
The final volume is 10, and the dilution is expressed as a 1-in-1____. The diluted material contains one-tenth (1/10 or 0.1) of the unmodified serum. It is often customary to report the titer of an antibody as the reciprocal of the highest dilution that retains a 1+ agglutination. Therefore, serum that reacts at a dilution of 1/32 is considered to have a titer of 32
serum
dilution
10
9 mL
is a process to reduce the strength of a concentrated solution
DILUTION
TWO ENTITIES: the____, which is the material being diluted, and______, which is the medium making up the rest of the solution.
SOLUTE
DILUENT(or SOLVENT)
= Volume of Solute + Volume of Diluent
Total Volume of the Solution
= amount of the sample or (analyte)
Volume of Solute
SERIAL DILUTION
• Compound dilution in which dilution factor is the same in each step
• Step-wise dilution
• Most common serial dilution:
doubling dilution (two-fold)
The most frequently encountered specimen in immunologic and serologic testing is
SERUM
Serum is the liquid portion of the
Coagulated blood
Dilution
● It is used in many tests for the detection of_______
● In order for a visible and point to occur in a serologic reaction, the relative portion of antigen and antibody are important
ANTIBODIES
Often done to perform tests that require a specific range of concentrations, to minimize interference from other substances in the serum, or to ensure that reactions occur within the linear range of the assay.
Dilution
In immunological and serological testing, serum dilution is used to reduce the concentration of_____ or other components in a____ sample.
antibodies
serum
Some assays have = a linear range where accurate measurements can be made.
Dynamic range
Dilution allows samples with high concentrations to be brought within this range.
Dynamic range
Serum may contain substances that can interfere with the test.
Interferance
Dilution can reduce the impact of interferences through
Dilution
Dilution can help reveal specific reactions or antibodies by reducing non-specific background.
Specificity
TWO ENTITIES:
the SOLUTE, which is the material being diluted, and DILUENT (or SOLVENT), which is the medium making up the rest of the solution.
The relationship between the two (Serum and Diluent) is expressed as a______.
fraction
TYPES OF DILUTION
Simple
Compound
refers to the process of reducing the concentration of antibodies, antigens, or other analytes present in a serum sample by mixing the serum with a diluent (usually a buffer or other suitable solution).
SIMPLE DILUTION
In a simple______, a specific dilution factor is used, which indicates the ratio of serum to diluent in each mixture. The dilution factor is typically expressed as a fraction or a ratio (e.g., 1:2, 1:10).
serum dilution
systematic stepwise process used to reduce the concentration of a substance in a solution by a consistent factor at each step.
Serial dilution
Most common serial dilution:
doubling dilution (two-fold)
Commonly, it is used to obtain _______of a particular antibody in patient serum as part of the diagnosis of a disease state.
The ____ indicates The concentration of an antibody.
titer (strength)
A serum sample with a known concentration of a specific analyte (such as antibodies) is prepared.
Starting serum sample
A series of diluted serum samples is created by taking a portion of the previous dilution and mixing it with a diluent (often a buffer). The dilution factor remains constant for each step of the series.
Subsequent dilution
With each subsequent dilution ste, the concentration of the analvte in the serum is decreased.
CONCENTRATION
REDUCTION
The resulting series of diluted serum samples is then used for various assays or tests to determine the concentration of the specific analyte in the original serum sample
ASSAY OR
MEASUREMENT
