Determination of Infertious Mononucleosis Heterophile Antibodies (MONOSPOT Latex) Flashcards
are composed of a broad class of antibodies.
These antibodies are stimulated by one antigen and react with an entirely unrelated surface antigen present on cells from different mammalian species.
Heterophile antibodies
In 1932, ______ and_____described a hemagglutination method using sheep erythrocytes for detection of heterophile antibodies associated with infectious mononucleosis (IM).
They demonstrated, such antibodies as well as other heterophile antibodies (i.e., non-IM) could be detected by agglutination with sheep erythrocytes.
Paul and unnell
In 1936,______ demonstrated horse erythrocytes were also agglutinated by heterophile antibodies but with greater sensitivity than sheep erythrocytes.
In 1965, a slide test using formalin treated horse erythrocytes was described for detection of heterophile antibodies.
Beer
Davidsohn and company, reported that IM heterophile antibodies could be differentiated from non-IM heterophile antibodies by absorption with_______
Non-IM heterophile antibodies are absorbed (i.e., removed) by it while IM heterophile antibodies remain reactive to agglutinate the horse erythrocytes.
guinea pig kidney antigen.
The _______ type of heterophile antibody IM heterophile antibodies maybe present during the acute stage as early as the fourth day of illness. In most cases the antibodies may persist for several months thereafter.
immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an acute, self-limited, lymphoproliferative disease caused by the________
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
may be present in normal individuals in low concentrations (titers), but a titer of __________is clinically significant in patients with suspected infectious mononucleosis.
Heterophile antibodies
1:56 or greater
The diagnosis of IM is usually based on the evaluation of characteristic clinical, hematological, and serological changes.
In most cases of IM, clinical diagnosis can be made from the characteristic triad of fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy, lasting for 1 to 4 weeks.
Hematologic features of IM include_______________. Because other diseases may mimic the clinical and hematological symptoms of M,________ testing is essertial for the most accurate diagnosis.
lymphocytosis with prominent atypical lymphocytes
serological
Serological diagnosis of IM is demonstrated by the presence of heterophile and EBV antibodies in the sera of patients.
It has been well established that most individuals exposed to EBV develop a heterophile antibody response.
However, the specific antigen that stimulates its production remains unknown.
IgM heterophile antibody is characterized by the following features:
1) reacts with (3)erythrocytes
2) absorbed by____ erythrocytes
3) not absorbed by_______
4) does not react with Epstein Barr Virus specific antigens
horse, ox, and sheep
beef
guinea pig kidney cells
Principle of the Test
The basis of the monospot test is blood agglutination, much like the Paul-Bunnell test which was developed prior to the monospot test. The monospot test is a latex agglutination test which utilizes equine erythrocytes as the primary substrate and tests for specific heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV infection.
The ____________is a suspension of polysterene latex particles of uniform size coated with highly purified Paul-Bunell antigen from bovine red cell membranes.
The degree of purity of the antigen is such that MONOSPOT Latex, only reacts with infectious_________.
_______allow visual observation of the antigen-antibody reaction. If infectious mononucleosis heterophile antibodies are present in either serum or plasma,
the latex suspension changes its uniform appearance and a clear
agglutination becomes evident.
MONOSPOT Latex reagent
mononucleosis heterophile antibodies
Latex particles
A sample of the_______ blood is required to perform a monopot test.
_______may be used with the monospot test, provided an acceptable medical technique collects whole blood.
Avoid using grossly______ sera.
The serum should be clear and free of_____ contamination.
Specimens can be stored at 2 to 8°C for 24 hours.
For prolonged storage, specimens should be frozen (-20°C).
patient’s
Serum or plasma
hemolyzed
bacterial
REAGENTS
Monospot Latex Reagent kit contains the following:
a. Suspension of latex polystyrene particles coated with Paul-Bunell antigen in a buffer
b. Positive control (diluted human serum)
c. Negative control (non-reactive diluted human serum)
