Rheumatoid Flashcards
is an example of systemic autoimmune disorder.
The pathology is caused by an
inflammatory process which destroys the bone and cartilage.
RA or rheumatoid arthritis
The lesions in the rheumatoid joints shows an increase in cell lining the synovial membrane and the formation of a_______, a sheet in the inflammatory granulation tissue that grows into joint space and invades the cartilage.
Thus, infiltration of the inflamed_____ with T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and granulocytes are evidences of immunologic activity with the joint
Pannus
synovium
The patients with RA are positive for
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
CCP (citrullinated cyclic peptide)
The strongest environmental risk factor for RA is believed to be_____, which doubles the risk of developing the disease.
•_____ is also known to activate endogenous sources of free radicals.
cigarette smoking
Cigarette smoke
• It has been reported that_______ increases in rheumatoid inflammation due to impaired antioxidant systems caused by free radicals, which have a role in the etiology of RA.
oxidative stress
_____is another feature that is characteristic of the pathology of RA.
Multinucleated giant cells called_____ are central to the structural damage that is seen in the bones.
Normally, there’s a good balance between bone production and destruction.
However, in RA, the_____ becomes overly activated in the inflammatory environment of the joints.
Local bone erosion
osteoclasts
osteoclast
Two key antibodies seen in RA are
_______ and ______
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide (anti-CCP)
• RF is the antibody most often with the IgM class and is directed in the Fc portion of IgG. It has been postulated that RFs may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA by increasing the macrophage activity and enhancing antigen presentation of T cells by APC.
are antibodies directed against antigenic sites in the Fc fragment of human and animal IgG.
Rheumatoid factors (RF)
• Their frequent occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis makes them
useful for diagnosing and monitoring the disease.
RF
• One method used for rheumatoid factor detection is based on the ability of_______ to agglutinate sensitized____
rheumatoid arthritis sera
sheep red cells
Principle of test
Passive agglutination
The _______is based on the
reaction between patient antibodies in the serum known as the “______” and an antigen derived from human gamma globulin (IgG).
Latex reagent consists of a stabilized latex suspension coated with albumin and chemically bonded with denatured human gamma globulin.
This reagent serves as an antigen in the procedure.
RA agglutination test
rheumatoid factor
If RFs are present in the serum, macroscopic agglutination will be visible when the latex reagent is mixed with serum.
The determination of RFs is important in the prognosis and therapeutic management of rheumatoid
postive test results muay be observed in a variety ASO of disorders, such as..
SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome, syphilis, and hepatitis.
Diagnostic testing for Rheumatoid arthritis primarily involves…
rheumatoid factor (RF) assays.
