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Immuno-Sero LAB > Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Chromatographic Assay > Flashcards

Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Chromatographic Assay Flashcards

1
Q

Viral Hepatitis

A

• Inflammation of the liver
• The most common liver disease

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2
Q

Viral hepatitis

Causative agent:
• Primary hepatitis viruses:
• Secondary hepatitis viruses:

A

A, B, C, D and E

EBV, CMV, and herpesvirus

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3
Q

Hepatitis A aka

A

Infectious Hepatitis

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4
Q

Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus.

Belongs to the Hepatovirus genus of the PicoRNAviridae family.

A

Hepatitis A

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5
Q

Hepatitis A

Belongs to the_______ genus of the_______ family.

A

Hepatovirus genus

PicoRNAviridae family

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6
Q

Hepatitis A

Transmission:
Primary route:

A

Fecal-oral

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

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7
Q

Hepatitis A

Factors: (3)
• Rare cases through ______during acute infection with high viral load.

A

Poor hygiene, poor sanitation, and overcrowding

blood transfusion

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8
Q

Factors:
Poor hygiene, poor sanitation, and overcrowding.

• Rare cases through blood transfusion during acute infection with high viral load.

A

Hepatitis A

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9
Q

• Shed in feces during incubation and early acute stages but decline after symptoms appear.

A

Hepatitis A (HAV) antigens

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10
Q

Hepatitis A

Serological Tests: (2)

A

• ELISA
• Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

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11
Q

: Based on the presence of IgM antibodies to HAV.

IgM is detectable at symptom onset and declines within 6 months.

A

Acute Hepatitis A Diagnosis

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12
Q

Acute Hepatitis A Diagnosis:

: Based on the presence of_____ antibodies to HAV.

IgM is detectable at symptom onset and declines within____ months.

A

IgM

6 months

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13
Q

Hepatitis C (Non-A Non-B Hepatitis)

•_____ virus from the______
family.

A

RNA

Flaviviridae

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14
Q

• RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family.

A

Hepatitis C (Non-A Non-B Hepatitis)

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15
Q

(Non-A Non-B Hepatitis)

A

Hepatitis C

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16
Q

Hepatitis C

• Transmission: (3)

A

Parenteral, sexual, and perinatal routes.

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17
Q

85% of cases progress to chronic infection.

A

Hepatitis C

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18
Q

Hepatitis C

• Complications: (3)

A

Cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and autoimmune issues.

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19
Q

Hepatitis C

Diagnosis:

A

Anti HCV - Hepatitis C antibody test
HCV RNA - Hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid

Genotyping

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20
Q

Hepatitis C

Diagnosis:

: Indicates past or current infection.

: Confirms current infection and monitors treatment effectiveness.

is critical for determining treatment strategies.

A

Anti-HCV

HCV RNA

Genotyping

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21
Q

Hepatitis C (HCV) Transmission:

A

Exposure to contaminated blood.

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22
Q

Hepatitis C

• Main source:____

•_______ (before routine HCV screening in 1992).
•_______ (before 1992).

A

Intravenous drug use

Blood transfusion

Organ transplantation

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23
Q

HCV

• Other risk factors: (3)

A

• Occupational exposure to contaminated blood.
• Long-term hemodialysis.
• Unregulated body piercing or tattooing, particularly in correctional facilities

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24
Q

• Major cause of Post-transfusion Hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C

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25
Q

Hepatitis D aka

A

Delta Hepatitis

26
Q

Hepatitis D (HDV):
• Also called ______ or _______
• Requires ________for replication and expression.
• Transmitted_______.

A

delta hepatitis or “viroidlike”

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

parenterally

27
Q

HDV

Requires Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for ______ and _____

A

replication and expression

28
Q

HDV
Virus Characteristics:

Defective virus in the______ genus.

_________genome.

Contains a single structural protein,___________.

A

Deltavirus

Circular RNA genome

hepatitis delta antigen

29
Q

Genome of HDV

A

Circular RNA genome

30
Q

• Enveloped by HBV-derived material, including HBsAg.

31
Q

HDV

• Enveloped by HBV-derived material, including______.

32
Q

Transmission of HDV (Similar to HBV)

•_______: Via semen or vaginal secretions.
•_______: Through intravenous drug use, needlestick injuries, or transfusions.
•_______: From mother to infant.

A

Sexual

Bloodborne

Perinatal

33
Q

HDV

Infection Types: (2)

A

Co-infection

Superinfection

34
Q

HDV

Infection Types: (2)
• Co-infection:
• Superinfection:

A

HDV and HBV are transmitted simultaneously.

HDV infects individuals already chronically infected with HBV.

35
Q

Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus in the Hepevirus genus (HepEviridae family).

Major global cause of hepatitis, with 20 million infections and 3.3 million acute cases annually.

WHO reported approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015.

A

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

36
Q

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
• Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus in the ________ genus of ______ family

• Major global cause of hepatitis, with______ infections and ______acute cases annually.

• WHO reported approximately_______ deaths in 2015.

A

Hepevirus genus (HepEviridae family).

20 million; 3.3 million

44,000

37
Q

HEV

Transmission: (2)

A

Fecal-oral route
Person-to-person

38
Q

HEV

Transmission: (2)

Primary route:
Person-to-person transmission:

A

Fecal-oral (similar to HAV).

Rare. Fatal in pregnant.

39
Q

Detected in blood supplies in several countries.

Can be transmitted via blood transfusions.

40
Q

• complex deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) virus

• family HepaDNAviridae

A

Hepatitis B Virus

41
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

• complex_______ virus
• family_______

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus

HepaDNAviridae

42
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

• Viral proteins of importance include the following:

A

envelope protein-HBsAg

structural nucleocapsid core protein-hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)

soluble nucleocapsid protein-hepatitis
B e antigen (HBeAg)

43
Q

Hepatitis B Infection aka

A

Serum Hepatitis

44
Q

Hepatitis B Infection (Serum Hepatitis)

Causative agent:

A

Hepatitis B virus

45
Q

Birth to an infected pregnant person

Contact with infected body fluids like blood, saliva, vaginal fluids and semen

Blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis B Infection (Serum Hepatitis)

46
Q

Hepatitis B Infection (Serum Hepatitis)

Signs and symptoms (6)

A

yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
dark urine
feeling very tired
nausea
vomiting
pain in the abdomen

47
Q

HBV

Prevention:

48
Q

HBV

Lab test:
____________- screening
________
___________- confirmatory

A

Immunochromatographic test

RIA

ELISA

49
Q

initial detectable marker found in serum during the incubation period of HBV
infection

A

Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)

50
Q

Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)

detectable _______ to______before clinical symptoms and_______ after infection

present for_______

A

2 weeks to 2 months ; 2 weeks

2 to 3 months

51
Q

+ indicates active HBV infection, acute or chronic

A

Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)

52
Q

Active viral replication

monitor a patient’s response to HBV therapy

A

Hepatitis B related Antigen (HBeAg)

53
Q

Hepatitis B related Antigen (HBeAg)

indicates…

A

Active viral replication

monitor a patient’s response to HBV therapy

54
Q

Hepatitis B core Antibody (Anti-HBc)

______: recent hepatitis B infection
______: Lifelong Marker
______: detected by liver biopsy

A

IgM

IgG

HBcAg

55
Q

identification of a person recently recovered from an HBV infection who may still be infectious

Reliable marker during window period

A

Hepatitis B core Antibody (Anti-HBc)

56
Q

Anti-Hbe

indicates…

A

+ convalescent phase

57
Q

Anti-HBs

indicates…

A

marker of recovery and immunity

58
Q

HBsAg (+)

A

Early (asymptomatic)
Acute or chronic

59
Q

Anti-HIBs (+)

A

Acute or chronic
Long after infection
Immunized with HBsAg

60
Q

Anti-HBc (+)

A

Acute or chronic
Low-level carrier
Immediate recovery
Long after infection

61
Q

Anti-HBc (IgM) - (+)

A

Acute or Chronic
Immediate recovery

Immuno-Sero LAB (16 decks)

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