Serrat - Viscera Embryology

Question 1

By the 5th week, the anterior division between the right and left coelomic canals disappears, leaving a single gut tube suspended by?

Answer 1

THE dorsal mesentery

Question 2

Major developmental events of the GI system occur from weeks ___ to ____

Answer 2

4

10

Question 3

The initial dilation of stomach occurs at ?

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

The return of herniated loops of intestine occurs at ?

Answer 4

Week 10

Question 5

Foregut derivatives include?

Answer 5

Esophagus

Stomach

Gallbladder

Proximal duodenum

Pancreas

Liver

Respiratory diverticulum

Part of the oral cavity

Question 6

Midgut derivatives include?

Answer 6

Distal duodenum, ileum, jejunum, cecum, appendix

Ascending colon. Proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Question 7

Hindgut derivatives include;

Answer 7

Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Superior 1/2 of rectum

Question 8

The ____ surface of the stomach grows faster than the _____ surface and becomes the greater curvature

( in development)

Answer 8

Dorsal

Ventral

Question 9

Due to the 90 degree rotation of the stomach in development, the vagal trunks sit so that the _______ is anterior and the ________ is posterior

Answer 9

Left

Right

Question 10

The liver grows out ventrally, pushing into the inferior part of the septum transversum, which will later become ?

Answer 10

The ventral mesentery

Question 11

Named parts of the ventral mesentery

Answer 11

Falciform ligament

Lesser omentum

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament (contains portal triad)

Question 12

Formed from septum transversum. Connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 12

Falciform ligament

Question 13

The _______ develops as an independent condensation of mesenchyme in the dorsal mesentery (5th week)

Answer 13

Spleen

Question 14

The _____ and ______ arise from the hepatic diverticulum, along with the liver

Answer 14

Gallbladder

Ventral pancreatic bud

Question 15

The ______ develops as a bud off of the dorsal surface of the developing duodenum

Answer 15

Dorsal pancreas

Question 16

The common stalk of the liver and gallbladder becomes the ___________

Answer 16

Common bile duct

Question 17

The two pancreatic buds fuse in the _____ week

Answer 17

6th

Question 18

The ventral bud of the pancreas ends up being the _________

Answer 18

Head and uncinate process

Question 19

The dorsal bud of the pancreas ends up being the _________ and _____——-

Answer 19

Body and tail of the pancreas

Question 20

The ducts of the ________ bud of the pancreas becomes the main pancreatic duct

Answer 20

Ventral

Question 21

The duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud will become the ?

Answer 21

Accessory pancreatic duct (when it persists)

Question 22

a rare congenital abnormality characterized by a ring of pancreatic tissue that encircles the descending portion of the duodenum. It is thought to originate from incomplete rotation of the pancreatic ventral bud. It is clinically significant because the pancreatic tissue can constrict the duodenum and obstruct the intestine.

Answer 22

Annular pancreas

Question 23

Explain physiological umbillical herniation

Answer 23

The liver and the midgut grow too fast that by the 6th week of development, the abd cavity is Temporarily too small to contain the developing intestines. As the midgut elongates, the intestinal loops project into the umbilical cord

Question 24

Ventral body wall defect that results in the herniation of intestinal loops into the amniotic cavity

Caused by failure of body wall to close

Answer 24

Gastroschisis

Question 25

Ventral wall defect;

Parts of the gut tube that Normally herniate into umbilical cord fail to return to the abdominal cavity

Answer 25

Omphalocele

Question 26

The cecum begins to appear after what occurs?

Answer 26

The intestines rotated 90 degrees around the axis of the SMA and vitteline duct

Question 27

After physiological umbilical herniation, when the intestines return to the abdomen, what happens?

Answer 27

This is week 10. The intestines rotate another 180* counterclockwise. The proximal end goes back first and ends up in the upper left part of the abd cavity and cecum ends in lower right

Question 28

The part of the hindgut just proximal to the cloacal membrane

Answer 28

Cloaca

Question 29

A growing urogenital septum between the hindgut and allantois divides the cloaca into the ______ and ______

Answer 29

Urogenital sinus (anterior)

Anorectal canal (posterior)

Question 30

The fully formed anal canal is derived from both the ________ (part of the hindgut) and the _________ (part of the body wall)

The separation between these regions is the pectinate line

Answer 30

Cloaca

Proctodeum

Question 31

What is the pectinate line

Answer 31

The fully formed anus is developed from both the cloaca (part of embryonic hindgut) and the proctodeum (part of the body wall). The separation of these is the pectinate line.

Question 32

In the anal canal, ________ to the pectinate line, blood supply is from the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 32

Superior

Question 33

In the anal canal, superior to the pectinate line, innervation is from __________

Answer 33

Autonomic nerves

Question 34

In the anal canal, inferior to the pectinate line is derived from ?

Answer 34

Proctodeum (part of body wall)

Question 35

In the anal canal, _________ to the pectinate line is innervated by spinal nerves

Answer 35

Inferior

Question 36

In the anal canal, inferior to the pectinate line, blood supply is from ?

Answer 36

Branches of the iliac artery