Serrat - Viscera Embryology Flashcards
By the 5th week, the anterior division between the right and left coelomic canals disappears, leaving a single gut tube suspended by?
THE dorsal mesentery
Major developmental events of the GI system occur from weeks ___ to ____
4
10
The initial dilation of stomach occurs at ?
4 weeks
The return of herniated loops of intestine occurs at ?
Week 10
Foregut derivatives include?
Esophagus
Stomach
Gallbladder
Proximal duodenum
Pancreas
Liver
Respiratory diverticulum
Part of the oral cavity
Midgut derivatives include?
Distal duodenum, ileum, jejunum, cecum, appendix
Ascending colon. Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
Hindgut derivatives include;
Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Superior 1/2 of rectum
The ____ surface of the stomach grows faster than the _____ surface and becomes the greater curvature
( in development)
Dorsal
Ventral
Due to the 90 degree rotation of the stomach in development, the vagal trunks sit so that the _______ is anterior and the ________ is posterior
Left
Right
The liver grows out ventrally, pushing into the inferior part of the septum transversum, which will later become ?
The ventral mesentery
Named parts of the ventral mesentery
Falciform ligament
Lesser omentum
Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament (contains portal triad)
Formed from septum transversum. Connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
Falciform ligament
The _______ develops as an independent condensation of mesenchyme in the dorsal mesentery (5th week)
Spleen
The _____ and ______ arise from the hepatic diverticulum, along with the liver
Gallbladder
Ventral pancreatic bud
The ______ develops as a bud off of the dorsal surface of the developing duodenum
Dorsal pancreas
The common stalk of the liver and gallbladder becomes the ___________
Common bile duct
The two pancreatic buds fuse in the _____ week
6th
The ventral bud of the pancreas ends up being the _________
Head and uncinate process
The dorsal bud of the pancreas ends up being the _________ and _____——-
Body and tail of the pancreas
The ducts of the ________ bud of the pancreas becomes the main pancreatic duct
Ventral
The duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud will become the ?
Accessory pancreatic duct (when it persists)
a rare congenital abnormality characterized by a ring of pancreatic tissue that encircles the descending portion of the duodenum. It is thought to originate from incomplete rotation of the pancreatic ventral bud. It is clinically significant because the pancreatic tissue can constrict the duodenum and obstruct the intestine.
Annular pancreas
Explain physiological umbillical herniation
The liver and the midgut grow too fast that by the 6th week of development, the abd cavity is Temporarily too small to contain the developing intestines. As the midgut elongates, the intestinal loops project into the umbilical cord
Ventral body wall defect that results in the herniation of intestinal loops into the amniotic cavity
Caused by failure of body wall to close
Gastroschisis
Ventral wall defect;
Parts of the gut tube that Normally herniate into umbilical cord fail to return to the abdominal cavity
Omphalocele
The cecum begins to appear after what occurs?
The intestines rotated 90 degrees around the axis of the SMA and vitteline duct
After physiological umbilical herniation, when the intestines return to the abdomen, what happens?
This is week 10. The intestines rotate another 180* counterclockwise. The proximal end goes back first and ends up in the upper left part of the abd cavity and cecum ends in lower right
The part of the hindgut just proximal to the cloacal membrane
Cloaca
A growing urogenital septum between the hindgut and allantois divides the cloaca into the ______ and ______
Urogenital sinus (anterior)
Anorectal canal (posterior)
The fully formed anal canal is derived from both the ________ (part of the hindgut) and the _________ (part of the body wall)
The separation between these regions is the pectinate line
Cloaca
Proctodeum
What is the pectinate line
The fully formed anus is developed from both the cloaca (part of embryonic hindgut) and the proctodeum (part of the body wall). The separation of these is the pectinate line.
In the anal canal, ________ to the pectinate line, blood supply is from the inferior mesenteric artery
Superior
In the anal canal, superior to the pectinate line, innervation is from __________
Autonomic nerves
In the anal canal, inferior to the pectinate line is derived from ?
Proctodeum (part of body wall)
In the anal canal, _________ to the pectinate line is innervated by spinal nerves
Inferior
In the anal canal, inferior to the pectinate line, blood supply is from ?
Branches of the iliac artery
