Green - Salivary Secretion, Swallowin, And The Esophagus Flashcards
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, resulting in difficulty in swallowing
Achalasia
Saclike dilation in the salivary gland where the initial saliva is formed
Acinus
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
Part of the salivary gland that connects the striated duct to the acinus
Intercalated duct
Change in the type of cell in a tissue from normal to abnormal
Metaplasia
First contraction in esophagus after food enters, initiated by swallowing
Primary perstaltic contraction
Subsequent contraction of esophagus ; initiated by presence of food
Secondary peristaltic contraction
Part of the salivary gland that opens into the mouth, this is where the ionic composition of the saliva is modified with sodium reabsorption and secretion of K and HCO3
Striated duct
Dry moth due to lack of saliva
Xerostomia
Functions of salivary secretion
Digestion
Lubrication
Protection
(Sense of taste also depends on adequate saliva)
Saliva starts the digestions of ?
Starches and fats
Located in the acinus and intercalated cells ________ contract when saliva production is stimulated and eject saliva into the mouth
Myoepithelial cells
Saliva production is ______ by parasympathetic stimulation and _______ by sympathetic stimulation
Increased
Production of saliva is decreased by ?
Sleep, fatigue, fear, dehydration, anticholinergic drugs
What does parasympathetic stimulation do in regards to saliva production ?
Increases saliva production by :
Increasing transport process of acinar and ductal cells
Vasodilation of blood vessels
What does sympathetic stimulation do in regards to saliva production?
Increases saliva production by; ‘
Transiently increase production of saliva and growth of salivary glands
Cause contraction of myoepithelial cells
Constriction of blood vessels
Saliva is an ultrafiltrate of plasma and is _____tonic to plasma
Hypotonic
Proteins found in saliva
Alpha-amylase
Lingual lipase
Mucin
Epidermal and nerve growth factors
What are the contents of saliva
Water
Ions
Protein
Bacteriocidal substances
Electrolytes
Organic compounds
Striated ducts reabsorb what ions?
Na
Cl
Striated ducts secrete what ions?
K+
HCO3-
High flow rates affect the ion concentration in saliva because there is less time for ion movement. Therefore, at higher flow rates, saliva is more ______
Isotonic
Bicarb concentration in saliva ______ w/ increasing flow because its secretion is _________ when salivation stimulated
Increases
Stimulated
Increased saliva flow rates causes a _____ in Na concentration
Increase
Increased saliva flow causes a ______ in Cl concentration
Increase
Increased saliva flow rate causes a ______ in K concentration?
Initial decrease then plateau
Increased saliva flow rate causes Bicarb concentration to _______
Increase then plateau
Xerostomia is associated with ?
Dental caries and chronic infections of the buccal mucosa;
Speech taste swallowing dysfunction
Antidepressants (which have anticholinergic effect)
Diseases such as Sjogren’s syndrom
Radiation damage during therapy for head and neck tumors
Deglutition
Swallowing
Lesions in the swallowing center of the medulla result in loss of ______ phase of swallowing and may result in aspiration
Pharyngeal
Formed by cricopharyngeal muscle; separates esophagus from oral cavity and prevents entry of air.
Upper esophageal sphincter
Not a distinct muscle but does have increased pressure compared to rest of esophagus.
Separates esophagus from stomach and prevents the entry of gastric acid into the esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter
Primary peristaltic contraction is initiated by
Swallowing
Secondary peristaltic contractions are initiated by ?
The presence of food in the esophagus
Triggered by mechanoreceptors stretch
Mediated by enteric nervous system and vagovagal reflexes
Neuromuscular disorder of the lower 2/3 of esophagus, leading to absence of peristalsis and failure of LES to relax
Food accumulates in esophagus taking hours to enter stomach and causing esophageal dilation
S/s; dysphagia, regurgitation of ingested food, and weight loss
Treated w/ drugs, endoscopic procedures, or surgery to relax LES
Achalasia
Eructation
Belching
