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S&F 4 test 1 > Green - Reg Of Food Intake > Flashcards

Green - Reg Of Food Intake Flashcards

1
Q

Loss of appetite or lack of eating

A

Anorexia

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2
Q

Inhibits feeding

A

Anorexigenic

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3
Q

Overeating

A

Hyperphagia

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4
Q

Stimulates feeding

A

Orexigenic

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5
Q

Feeling of fullness and loss of hunger; sense of satisfaction that inhibits feeding center in hypothalamus

A

Satiety

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6
Q

Weight range at which adult animals stays w/o dieting or increased feeding

A

Set weight

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7
Q

What are short-term mechanisms which prevent overeating

A

Distention of stomach
(Stretch inhibitory signals transmitted by vagus nerve suppress feeding center)

GI hormones (secreted from intestine)

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8
Q

What does long-term food regulation do?

A

Maintains normal quant of energy stores

Mediated by blood gluc levels

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9
Q

______ is the control center for appetite and energy expenditure

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

What does the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus do?

A

Feeding center

Stimulation - hyperphagia
Destruction - no desire for food

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11
Q

What does stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus do?

A

Causes hyperphagia

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12
Q

What does destruction of the ventrolateral nucleus do?

A

Causes voracious and continuous eating

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13
Q

What does stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus do ?

A

Causes complete satiety

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14
Q

What is the ventrolateral nucleus’ function?

A

Satiety center

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15
Q

What do lesions of the paraventricular nucleus do?

A

Cause overeating

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16
Q

What do lesions of the dorsolateral nucleus do?

A

Depress eating behavior

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17
Q

What happens at the arcuate nucleus?

A

This is the location where multiple hormones from GI tract and adipose converge to reg food intake and energy use

Lacks complete BBB.

Convergence of Neuro and blood borne signals

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18
Q

Activation of POMC (proopiomelanocortin) neurons in the arcuate nucleus which produce alpha- MSH and CART does what?

A

Decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure

19
Q

Activations of NPY-AgRP in the arcuate nucleus does ?

A

Increases food intake and reduces energy expenditure

20
Q

__________ releases alpha-MSH which activates MCR 3 and MCR 4 which decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure

A

POMC

21
Q

POMC release alpha-MSH which activates _____- and ______ and reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure

A

MCR3 and MCR4

22
Q

POMC releases alpha-MSH which activates MCR3 and MCR4 which _______ and _______

A

Reduces food intake

Increases energy expenditure

23
Q

Inhibition of MCR3 and MCR 4 does what?

A

Increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure

24
Q

Most common cause of monogenic human obesity?

A

MCR-4 mutations

25
Q

_______ is a natural antagonist of MCR-3 and MCR-4 (melanocortin receptors)

A

AgRP

26
Q

Release of AgRP (increases feeding by inhibiting effects of alpha-MSH) is inhibited by _______

A

Insulin

27
Q

Excessive formation of AgRP is associated with?

A

Excessive feeding and obesity

28
Q

What do hypocretin/orexin do?

A

Promote food intake

Expression up during food deprivation

Neurons more active during fasting

29
Q

Nicotine enhances firing of ______ neurons

A

POMC

30
Q

Increased amount of adipose tissue causes a _____ amount of leptin

A

Increased

31
Q

Leptin output _____ with insulin

A

Increases

Leptin is anorexigenic

32
Q

Leptin output ______ w/ fasting and weight loss

A

Decreases

Leptin is anorexigenic

33
Q

What does leptin do?

A

Goes to arcuate nucleus. Decreases NPY, AgRP.
Increases POMC products -> alphaMSH and CART

Decreases insulin secretion

Increases sympathetic to increase metabolic rate and energy use.

34
Q

NPY stimulates food intake by :

A

Binding to Y receptors

35
Q

AgRP stimulates food intake by binding to

A

MCR receptores

36
Q

CART and aMSH ____ food intake by binding to MCR receptors

A

Inhibit

37
Q

What does CCK do in regards to satiety?

A

Causes satiety.
1. By decreasing gastric emptying, increasing mechanostretch in stomach

  1. Affects brainstem and vagus nerve

Affect gone w/in 24 hours

38
Q

What is the only known orexigenic (stimulates feeding) hormone

A

Ghrelin

39
Q

Explain ghrelin

A

Ghrelin is the only known hormone that stimulates feeding (orexigenic)
It works by stimulating AgRP and NPY neurons.
It is increased by anorexia nervosa, weight loss, and cancer anorexia, as well as low calorie diets, stress, and sleep deprivation

Levels are decreased by weight gain and exercise

40
Q

What increases ghrelin levels (x6)

A

Weight loss

Low calorie diet

Anorexia nervosa

Cancer anorexia

Sleep deprivation

Stres

41
Q

What decreased ghrelin levels?

A

Weight gain

Exercise

42
Q

Pro-glucagon derived peptide secreted from distal intestine in proportion to ingested calories

Anorexigenic (infusion quickly lessens hunger and food intake at single meal)

Repeated injections decrease body weight and increase activity related energy expenditure.

A

Oxyntomodulin

43
Q

secreted by L cells in intestine after meal in proportion to caloric load (lipids>carbohydrates>proteins)

reduces gastric emptying and delays intestinal transit

anorexigenic
a. increased levels in disease states characterized by weight loss b. fasting plasma concentrations reduced in obese individuals

A

PYY

S&F 4 test 1 (22 decks)

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