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S&F 4 test 1 > Serrat - Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Serrat - Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the anterior abdominal wall:

Superior

Inferior

A

Superior border - xiphoid process, costal cartilages ribs 7-10

Inferior border - iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic bone

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2
Q

Linear tendinous raphe extending along midline from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis. Formed by fusion of the insertions of the anterolateral abdominal. Wall muscles.

Marks medial border of two rectus abdominis muscles

A

Linea alba

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3
Q

CT along lat borders of rectus abdominis extending from 9th costal cartilage to pubic tubercule; formed by fusion of aponeuroses of anterolateral abd wall muscles

A

Linea semilunares

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4
Q

Fibrous CT bands w/in rectus abdominis muscles. Produce washboard stomach appearance. There are usually three above the umbilicus and rarely one below

A

Linea transversae

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5
Q

Structures deep to right upper quadrant

A

Stomach, pylorus
Dudenum

Ascending colon (superior part)

right colic (hepatic) flexure

Transverse colon, right half

Liver (right lobe)

Gallbladder

Pancreas (head)

Kidney (right)
Adrenal gland (right)
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6
Q

Left Upper Quadrant (structures deep )

A

Stomach

Jejunum

Ileum, proximal

Transverse colon, left half

Left colic (splenic) flexure

Descending colon, superior part

Liver, left lobe

Spleen

Pancreas, body and tail

Kidney, left

Adrenal (suprarenal) gland, left

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7
Q

What is McBurney’s Point?

A

Location of tenderness on surface from projection in acute appendicitis. Located 1/3 of the way between the right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

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8
Q

Surface projection of pain in acute diverticulitis

A

Left lower

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9
Q

Surface projection of pain in acute pancreatitis

A

Epigastric

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10
Q

Surface projection of pain in acute cholecystitis

A

Right hypochondrial

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11
Q

Five F’s of abdominal protrusion

A

Fluid

Food/fat

Feces

Fetus

Flatus

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12
Q

Abdominal quadrants are defined by ?

A

Transumbilical and midline planes

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13
Q

The fatty layer of the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall that contains superficial epigastric vessels (which are enlarged in caput medusae)
Continues as superficial fascia of thigh

Fat extends into labia majora in females

In males, this is represented by dartos muscle

A

Camper’s fascia

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14
Q

The membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall, fused w/ deep fascia of thigh (fascia lata)

Continues in perineum and scrotum as Colle’s fascia (females and males)

Forms superficial fascia and fundiform ligament of the penis in males

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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15
Q

The thoracoabdominal nerves come from T 7 thru T 11 and are a continuation of ?

A

The intercostals

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16
Q

Subcostal nerve comes from what spinal cord level ?

A

T12

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17
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve comes from what spinal cord level?

A

L1

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18
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve comes from what spinal cord level?

A

L1

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19
Q

The arterial supply of the anterior abdominal wall is derived from which four major vessels?

A

Internal thoracic (off of subclavian)

Aorta

External iliac

Femoral artery

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20
Q

The anastomoses between the superior epigastric artery and the inferior epigastric artery forms in the rectus sheath and makes a major connection between which two major arteries?

A

Subclavian artery (internal thoracic (superior epigastric artery ))

External iliac artery (inferior epigastric artery)

21
Q

The common insertion of transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscle on the pubis

A

Conjoint tendon

22
Q

The deep investing fascia covers the underlying abdominal muscles and continues as?

A

Suspensory ligament and deep fascia of the penis

23
Q

Scarpa’s fascia is fused with ?

A

Deep fascia of thigh (fascia lata)

24
Q

The superficial epigastric vessels, which are enlarged in caput medusae, are contained in which layer?

A

Camper’s Fascia

25
Q

Camper’s Fascia continues as _____ in thigh?

A

Superficial fascia

26
Q

The campers fascia fat extends into _________ in females?

A

Labia majora

27
Q

The campers fascia is represented by ______ in the male scrotum

A

Dartos muscle

28
Q

Contents of the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominis and pyrimidalis muscles

Sup. And inf. Epigastric vessels

Terminal ends of T7 - T12 nerves

29
Q

Incomplete CT envelope that surrounds each rectus abdominis muscle, formed by aponeuroses of the anterolateral muscles

A

Rectus sheath

30
Q

Marks the change in fascia contributing to the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath; occurs below the umbilicus at a point midway between the umbilicus and the pubis

A

Arcuate line

31
Q

Inferior to the arcuate line, the rectus is in direct contact with _______

A

Transversalis fascia

All three aponeurosis form the anterior rectus sheath, inferior to the arcuate line

32
Q

Above the arcuate line, the rectus is _____

A

Completely enveloped in an aponeurosis sheath

33
Q

Occurs along linea semilunares at or below arcuate line

A

Spigelian hernia

34
Q

The thoracoabdominal nerves come from spinal cord levels?

A

T7 - T11

35
Q

The inferior and superior epigastric arteries form major anastomoses of the subclavian artery and external iliac artery and anastamose within ________

A

Rectus sheath

36
Q

Venous drainage of the abdomen is primarily into ______ and _______ veins through superficial veins found in camper’s fascia

A

Axillary and femoral v=

37
Q

Condition in which veins of the anterior abdominal wall become hard and dilated. Involves the superficial epigastric veins of the caval system and the paraumbilical veins of the portal system

Can be caused by cirrhosis of the liver, chronic hepatitis or portal hypertension

A

Caput medusae

38
Q

The _________ is in the midline and connects the anterior abdominal wall and the bladder and contains the obliterated urachus / allontoic duct

A

Median umbilical fold

39
Q

_____ occur on each side of the midline and cover the obliterated umbilical arteries, running from internal iliac artery to umbilicus.

(Umbilical arteries are embryonic rudiments that arose from the internal iliac artery in the pelvis)

A

Medial umbilical folds

40
Q

Not embryonic rudiments. Cover the inferior epigastric vessels and will bleed if cut

A

Lateral umbilical folds

41
Q

Herniation of intestinal loops through the umbilical ring; occurs from increased intra-abdominal pressure in area of weakness of the umbilical scar. Common in newborns

A

Umbilical hernia

42
Q

A small hernia that often occurs in infants and children; hernia occurs thru defect in linea alba and protrudes during crying, straining or coughing. Usually resolves by 3-5 years w/o treatment

A

Acquired infantile umbilical hernia

43
Q

Common in females, obesity, pregnancy, or ascites, along with weakened abdominal wall. Call a paraumbilical hernia when the sac does not protrude thru the umbilical scar but instead thru the linea alba in the region of the umbilicus.

A

Acquired adult umbilical hernias

44
Q

_________ occurs thru linea alba above umbilicus in the epigastric region

A

Epigastric hernia

45
Q

Occurs along linea semilunares - usually in obese people > 40 years of age. Usually at or below arcuate line where rectus abdominus is in direct contact w/ transversalis fascia

A

Spigelian hernia

46
Q

A hernia that passes lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

A

Indirect hernia

Will go thru inguinal canal and often pass into the testicles

47
Q

A hernia that passes medial to the inguinal canal

A

Direct hernia

48
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle is the region in which direct inguinal hernias enter. What are the boundaries of hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Medial - rectus abdominus muscle

Lateral - inguinal ligament

Superior - inferior epigastric artery

S&F 4 test 1 (22 decks)

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