Serrat - Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
Which part of the duodenum has the suspensory muscle (ligament of Treitz)?
4th part
Organs derived from foregut?
Esophagus, stomach, liver, upper duodenum, gallbladder, and pancreas
The organs derived from the foregut (esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum, liver gallbladder and pancreas) are all supplied blood by what ?
Celiac trunk
Organs derived from midgut are?
Lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon and lower part of the pancreas
The organs derived from midgut (lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon and lower part of the pancreas) are supplied blood by ?
The superior mesenteric artery
Organs derived from the hindgut are ?
Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectu
Organs derived from the hindgut ( distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum ) are supplied blood by ?
The inferior mesenteric artery
What vertebral level does the esophagus pass thru the esophageal hiatus at ?
T10
Longitudinal ridges on the inner surface of stomach, raised folds of mucosa that allow for stomach expansion
Rugae
Rugal folds
What does the transpyloric plane pass thru?
Pylorus of stomach
Duodenojejunal junction
Hila of kidneys
Tips of 9th costal cartilage
The 2nd (descending) part of the duodenum receives the common bile duct and the main pancreatic ducts via the _________
Hepatopancreatic amuplla (of vater)
A small, nipple-like protrusion on the internal surface of the duodenum where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters
The major duodenal papilla (of vater)
A circular smooth muscle that surrounds the ampulla, controlling bile and pancreatic secretions
Hepatopancreatic sphincter (of Oddi)
The ______________ marks the junction between foregut and midgut
Major duodenal papilla
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior abdominal wall by the _____
Mesentery
First part of large intestine in lower right quadrant; is a dilated sac that is continuous w/ ascending colon.
Contains appendix
Almost completely covered w/ peritoneum & moves freely (no mesentery)
Cecum
What is the most common position for the appendix?
Retrocecal
Has variable position around cecum.
Has short triangular mesentery
Intraperitoneal
Deep to McBurney’s point
Vermiform appendix
Ascends along right side of abd wall to hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)
Retroperitoneal, fixed to rt side of post abd wall
Immobile
Ascending colon
Extends across abd from right to left colic flexure
Intraperitoneal
Has mesentery
Most mobile part of colon
Position varies
Transverse colon
Immobile
Fixed to post abd wall
From splenic flexure to sigmoid colon
Descending colon
S-shaped loop of colon between descending and rectum
Has long mesentery associated and considerable mobility
Intraperitoneal
Sigmoid colon
Persistence of vitelline duct (connection to yolk sac) as outpouching of ileum
Often asymptomatic, but can contain tissue from stomach or pancreas (and have gastric secretion) and or can be site of infection
Bleeding
Ulceration
Perforation
Meckel’s Diverticulum
Rule of two’s for Meckel’s Diverticulum
2% of people
W/in 2 feet of ileocecal orifice
Up to 2 inches in length
Usually presents in first 2 years of life
Can have 2 types of tissue (gastric/pancreatic)
What are some defining features of the large intestine
Appendices epiploicae
Plicae semiluminares
Haustra
Teniae coli
3 longitudinal muscle bands formed by the outer muscular coat of the large intestine
Teniae coli
Sacculations of the colon produced by tenia coli, which are slightly shorter that the gut
Haustra
Infoldings of intestinal wall between haustra
Plicae semilunares
Peritoneum-covered pouches of fat, attached in rows along the teniae
Appendices epiploicae
Fixed terminal part of the intestinal canal, continuous w/ the anal canal.
Retroperitoneal
Rectosigmoid junction marked by end of sigmoid mesocolon
Rectum
Large lymph organ in left hypochondrial region deep to ribs 9 and 10.
Intraperitoneal
Covered in peritoneum except at the hilum
Spleen
The ________ ligament of peritoneum connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach
Gastrosplenic
__________ ligament connects spleen to the left kidney
Splenorenal
Spleen is susceptible to traumatic injury at ribs _____
9 and 10
Runs head to tail of the pancreas and enters into the hepatopancreatic ampulla before entering the duodenum at the duodenal papilla
Main pancreatic duct
Drains part of the head; often communicates w/ main pancreatic duct; opens into minor duodenal papilla about 2 cm above the major papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct
Largest visceral organ
Largest gland in body
Found in right hypochondrial and epigastric regions
Intraperitoneal except bare area on diaphragm where liver contacts diaphragm
Liver
What are the namees of the ligaments formed from the free folded edges of peritoneum that connect the liver to the diaphragm?
Coronary
Falciform
Right triangular
Left triangular
a fold of peritoneum that connects liver to anterior abdominal wall; it contains ligamentum teres hepatis, or the round ligament, in its inferior border – this is the obliterated umbilical vein, which connected liver to umbilicus
Falciform ligament
Hepatic veins drain into inferior vena cava on the _______ side
Posterior
What are the 4 lobes of the liver ?
Left
Right
Caudate
Quadrate
The left lobe is separated along groovees for what ?
Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum
The obliterated umbilical vein, makes up part of the falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres
Obliterated ductus venosus becomes the ?
Ligamentum venosum
A transverse fissure between the quadrate and caudate lobes that transmits portal vein, hepatic arteries, lymphatic vessels, hepatic nerve plexus, hepatic ducts
Porta hepatis
What is transmitted in the porta hepatis, which is the transverse fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes?
Portal vein
Hepatic arteries
Lymphatic vessels
Hepatic nerve plexus
Hepatic ducts
________ is a fold of peritoneum that connects the duodenum with the liver to its lesser omentum and contains the portal triad
Hepatoduodenal libament
The portal triad (contained w/in the hepatoduodenal ligament) consists of ?
- Bile duct
- Hepatic artery
- Portal vein
In regards to blood supply, the liver has ____- subdivisions?
8
The gallbladder is a pear shaped sac, beneath the 9th costal cartilage and lateral border of the rectus abdominis superificially that lies between the _____ and ______ lobe of the liver
Quadrate
Right
An important surgical landmark formed by the inferior visceral surface of the liver, the cystic duct and common hepatic duct
Contains the cystic artery which supplies blood to the gall bladder and lymph node that becomes enlarged during gall bladder inflammation
Cystohepatic triangle (of Calot)
Right and left hepatic ducts leave the liver thru the ______
Porta hepatis
Formed by the union of the left and right hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct
Fills and drains the gall bladder
Cystic duct
Formed from union of common hepatic and cystic ducts
Descends posterior to 1st part of duodenum and runs thru head of pancreas
Bile duct
Occurs when the cardia and/or fundus of the stomach protrudes thru the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
Hiatal hernian
Abnormal twisting of the intestine
Can cause intestinal obstruction and interruption of blood supply leading to necrosis
Various causes
Volvulus
Left to right inversion of the body’s organs
Situs inversus
Calcifications formed in the gallbladder or bile passages
Primarily consist of cholesterol and bile pigment
Occur in 10% of people over 40
More common in women
Gallstones
Jaundice of skin or sclera 2nd to blockage of bile ducts from gallstones, tumors, and/or compression of the pancreas
Obstructive jaundice
