Serology

Question 1

Lymphocytes

Answer 1

Type of white blood cell
Produced in bone marrow and the thymus gland
Produce antibodies
Contain nuclei

Question 2

Confirmatory Test

Answer 2

High specificity, low sensitivity

Question 3

Christmas Tree Stain

Answer 3

Confirmatory test for semen

Stains heads of sperm red and epithelial cells green

Question 4

Number of sperm per mL semen

Answer 4

100-150 million

Question 5

Erythrocytes

Answer 5

Red blood cells
5 mill/mL in blood
Purpose is to carry oxygen to tissues within the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body
Made in the blood marrow
 ~4 month life span
 Contain no DNA

Question 6

Presumptive Test

Answer 6

High sensitivity, low specificity

Question 7

Two general types of species origin tests

Answer 7

Diffusion reactions and electrophoretic methods

Question 8

Platelets

Answer 8

Fragments of cells
Contain no nuclei
15-300k /mL blood
Involved in clotting process

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

Most abundant type of white blood cells

First line of defense in immune response

Question 10

Leukocytes

Answer 10

White blood cells
10-15k/mL in blood
Multiple types

Question 11

Serology

Answer 11

The study of body fluids (involved in a crime)

Question 12

Volume of typical ejaculate

Answer 12

2-6 mL

Question 13

Fluorescence

Answer 13

Light emitted as energy loss at a longer wavelength than it is illuminated with

Question 14

Presumptive tests for saliva

Answer 14

Starch-iodine radial diffusion test
Phadebas test
These test for amylase activity

Question 15

Ouchterlony Test

Answer 15

Species origin test, diffusion reaction based on antibody-antigen reactions between human blood and human antiserum

Question 16

Hemoglobin

Answer 16

Respiratory pigment of many animals. Conjugated protein of 4 polypeptides, each of which contains a heme group

Question 17

Luminescence

Answer 17

Light emitted as a by-product of a chemical reaction

Question 18

Blood

Answer 18

By definition, a tissue, composed of several types of cells in a matrix called plasma

Question 19

Antigen

Answer 19

Any foreign molecule that induces antibody formation

Question 20

Cellular material within blood

Answer 20

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 21

Plasma

Answer 21

Matrix of blood. Consists of 90% water and 10% other (protein, urea, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, fats, hormones, inorganic ions

Question 22

Antibodies

Answer 22

Produced by lymphocytes

Protein molecules that can bind to foreign molecules

Question 23

Presumptive tests for blood

Answer 23

Benzidine
Phenolphthalein
Hemastix
Luminol

Question 24

Mechanism of benzidine/phenolphthalein tests

Answer 24

Color tests based on the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin

Question 25

Presumptive tests for saliva

Answer 25

Starch-iodine
Phadebas
RSID

Question 26

Mechanism of presumptive tests for saliva

Answer 26

Based on the activity of salivary amylase

Question 27

Presumptive tests for urine

Answer 27

Jaffe test

Creatinine

Question 28

Presumptive test for semen

Answer 28

AP colormetric tests- tests for AP
--> fast blue B (AP Spot)
--> Diazo red
Radial immunodiffusion
ABACard p30
Seratec PSA
ALS

Question 29

Which presumptive tests for semen test for p30/PSA?

Answer 29

Radial immunodiffusion
ABACard p30
Seratec PSA

Question 30

Confirmatory tests for blood

Answer 30

1) Microcrystalline tests (heme –> crystals)
- -> Teichmann
- -> Takayama
2) Immunochromatographic assays
- -> HemaTrace
- -> HemDirect
- -> RSID-Blood

Question 31

Which confirmatory test for blood tests for the presence of glycophorin A?

Answer 31

RSID-Blood

Question 32

Confirmatory tests for saliva

Answer 32

Immunochromatographic assays- test for the presence of amylase but not amylase activity

• RSID Saliva (claims confirmatory but cross-reacts with breast milk)
• SeraTec

Question 33

Confirmatory tests for urine

Answer 33

None

Question 34

Confirmatory tests for semen

Answer 34

Microscopy –> Presence of sperm