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ABC Certification > Forensic Chemistry > Flashcards

Forensic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

Light, sine waves irradiating out from a source in all directions

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2
Q

How do gamma and x-rays interact with matter?

A

Pass through matter, except for very dense matter

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3
Q

How does UV/visible light interact with matter?

A

Molecules absorb the energy and electrons shift orbitals

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4
Q

How does IR light interact with matter?

A

Causes bonds between atoms to vibrate

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5
Q

How do microwaves interact with matter?

A

Molecules rotate or spin

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6
Q

How do radio waves interact with matter?

A

Transported with a carrier wave in a process called modulation

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7
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength

A

Gamma rays, x-rays, UV, visible, IR, microwave, radio

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8
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing energy

A

Radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, x-rays, gamma rays

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9
Q

Lens

A

Translucent material that bends light in a known and predictable manner

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10
Q

Focal length

A

Distance between the two points of focus on either side of the len

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11
Q

Empty magnification

A

Increase in magnification without an increase in resolution

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12
Q

Numerical aperture

A

NA, angular measure of the lens’ light gathering ability, and ultimately its resolving quality

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13
Q

Condenser

A

Lenses below the stage that allow more or less light into the lens system of the microscope Used to obtain a bright, even field of view and improve image resolution

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14
Q

Field diaphragm

A

Control that allows more or less light into the lens system of the microscope

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15
Q

Kohler illumination

A

Sets the light rays parallel throughout the lens system

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16
Q

Birefringence

A

The difference in refractive indices

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17
Q

Two things required for extraction to occur

A
  1. Must be differences (chemical/physical) between matrix and analyte 2. Must be an equilibrium condition that can be manipulated
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18
Q

In TLC, if pH is used for ionization suppression…

A

The compound will be neutral and will favor the less polar phase

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19
Q

In TLC, if pH is used to facilitate ionization..

A

The compound will be charged and will favor the more polar phase

20
Q

Atomic weight

A

protons + # neutrons (in the nucleus)

21
Q

Drug

A

Natural or synthetic substance that is designed to produce a specific set of psychological or physiological effects on the human body

22
Q

Duquenois-Levine

A

Marijuana –> Purple

23
Q

Scott test

A

Cocaine –> turquoise

24
Q

Marquis test

A

Opiates –> purple, + water = amphetamines –> orange

25
Q

Ehrlich’s

A

LSD –> Purple

26
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to a drug –> absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

27
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

28
Q

Synergism

A

The total effects on the body of two or more drugs taken together is greater than the effects would be if the drugs are taken separately

29
Q

Enantiomers

A

Optical isomers, stereoisomers are mirror images but not superimposable

30
Q

Alkane

A

C-C “-ane”

31
Q

Alkene

A

C=C “-ene”

32
Q

Alkyne

A

C triple bond C “-yne”

33
Q

Alcohol

A

R-OH “-ol”

34
Q

Ether

A

R-O-R “-oxy -ane”

35
Q

Aldehyde

A

“-al”

36
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

“-oic acid”

37
Q

Ester

A

“-yl” “-oate”

38
Q

Amide

A

“-amide”

39
Q

Amine

A

“-amine”

40
Q

Nitrile

A

“-nitrile”

41
Q

of carbons and their prefix for organic compounds

A

1-Meth

2- Eth

3- Prop

4- But

5- Pent

6- Hex

7-Hept

8- Oct

9- Non

10- Dec

42
Q

Ionization energy

A

Amount of energy required to remove one electron from an atom

43
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Complete transfer of valence electrons

44
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Sharing of electrons between atoms of similar electronegativities

45
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

Dipole-dipole interactions between molecules. H atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom = dipole +, attracted to dipole - from another electronegative atom

46
Q

Van der Waals forces

A

Weakest “bonds”- distant-dependent interactions caused by 1) permanent electric dipoles 2) presence of permanent dipoles temporarily distorts the electron charge in other nearby molecules 3) molecules with no permanent dipoles have a force of attraction with one another

47
Q
A

ABC Certification (14 decks)

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