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Clinic Pathology 2 > Serology > Flashcards

Serology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of observation is quantitative?

A

numerical

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2
Q

What type of observation is qualitative?

A

Non-numerical (acute, large)

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3
Q

What is meant by sensitivity?

A

how a test will pick up a tiny amount of Ab or other agent in a biological fluid

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4
Q

What is meant by specificity?

A

ability of a test to give a + run only in an animal that has dz for which the test is measuring

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5
Q

What do immunological test measure

A

Ab or Ag

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6
Q

What samples are used for immunological tests?

A

plasma or serum or whole blood

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7
Q

What type of tests are available for humoral immunity in vet med?

A

ELISA, CELISA, Immunodiffusion, Coomb’s test

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8
Q

In Ab tests, what happens?

A

Ag in test, will bind Ab in sample and vise versa in Ag tests

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9
Q

What does ELISA stand for

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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10
Q

In vet med, Competitive ELISA (CELISA) are used to test for

A

EIA

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11
Q

What will occur in a latex agglutination test if Ab present in sample?

A

clumping

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12
Q

What is the latex agglutination testing?

A

small, spherical latex particles coated w/ Ag

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13
Q

What is one disease that you would use latex agglutination test for?

A

Canine Brucellosis testing

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14
Q

What is another name for the rapid immunomigration (RIM) test?

A

Lateral flow immunoassay

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15
Q

What does no band on an Immunodiffusion (AGID) indicate?

A

no Ab in patient, or not enough Ab to cause ppt

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16
Q

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is similar to CELISA except _ in place of enzyme

A

radioisotope

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17
Q

RIA is used for _ level determination.

A

Hormone (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone)

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18
Q

How does a Fluorescent Antibody test (Fab) work ?

A

dye combines w/ specific Ab present, read with special microscope. Any fluorescence is +

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19
Q

Coombs testing detects presence of inappropriate Ab against bodies _ _

A

own tissues

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20
Q

Direct Coombs tests for Ab against own _-IMHA (AIHA)=agglutination

A

RBCs

21
Q

What occurs with coombs test if RBCs coated w/ Ab’s?

A

then agglutination

22
Q

Indirect coombs tests for _ _

A

circulating Ab

23
Q

What sample should be submitted to lab for coombs testing?

A

Freshly air-dried unstained blood smears, and EDTA blood

24
Q

Antibody titers are used to distinguish between an _ _ vs _ _ to certain antigens and to evaluate the need for revaccination.

A

active infection vs prior exposure

25
Q

Antibody titers requires making _ _ of the sample

A

serial dilutions

26
Q

High titer =

A

active infection

27
Q

Low titer =

A

previous exposure

28
Q

A single titer does not differentiate between

A

vaccine status and exposure

29
Q

What samples should be sent to lab for antibody titers

A

paired samples (acute and convalescent) drawn approx. 2 weeks apart to monitor for any changes

30
Q

Generally, a _ _ increase in titers between paired samples is a good indication of recent infection.

A

4 fold

31
Q

Molecular diagnostics analyze _ and _

A

DNA and RNA

32
Q

_ tests used to:
-Identify cancers
-Detect genetic defects
-Pedigrees
-Bacterial contaminants in foods

A

DNA

33
Q

Advantages of molecular diagnostics

A

-increased sensitivity and specificity
-small samples with faster results

34
Q

Disadvantages of molecular diagnostics

A

-contamination gives false positives

-high levels of expertise to run tests, high cost

35
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects what

A

DNA segments

36
Q

PCR is called the _ assay

A

amplification

37
Q

3 steps of amplification assay

A
  1. denaturation
    2.annealing
    3.extension

Repeated 25-30 times to gain enough DNA

38
Q

Reverse Transcriptase PCR is similar to PCR but tests

A

single stranded RNA

39
Q

Benefits of real-time polymerase chain reaction

A

-decrease risk of contamination
-more easily automated
-faster and easier to run
-fluorescence probe attaches to DNA segments

40
Q

Intradermal tests are used to diagnose _

A

allergies

41
Q

Intradermal tests are mediated by _ antibody molecules

A

IgE

42
Q

What is the negative control for intradermal testing

A

saline

43
Q

What is the positive control for intradermal testing

A

histamine

44
Q

Tuberculin skin test is commonly performed on _ and _

A

cattle and primates

45
Q

Animals with _ bacteria develop a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the organism tuberculin

A

Mycobacterium spp.

46
Q

Where is injection site for tuberculin skin test

A

cervical region or at base of tail

47
Q

Why is there a delay in tuberculin skin test

A

because T lymphocytes must migrate to the foreign antigen injected

48
Q

The first test to detect possible carriers of bovine tuberculosis is the

A

casual fold tuberculin (CFT) test in which a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is injected into the fold of the skin at the base of the tail

49
Q
A

Clinic Pathology 2 (12 decks)

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